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Abstract(s)
Bastet e Sekhmet são entendidas, por vários autores, como um sistema religioso dual, sendo difícil não se falar numa sem se referir a outra. Porém, as circunstâncias desta associação, apesar de referidas, são pouco sustentadas por fontes (escritas e não só), sendo difícil entender qual a sua origem.
O que se pretende estudar aqui são essas relações e interacções, percebendo cada um dos componentes desse sistema religioso de forma individual e, posteriormente, de forma conjunta. Esse estudo tem como base principal a análise de textos egípcios onde Bastet e Sekhmet figurem, de forma a que seja possível obter-se uma imagem mais nítida e precisa dessa dinâmica religiosa dual.
Assim, partindo das fontes e recorrendo à bibliografia e produção historiográfica, serão analisados vários aspectos das duas divindades, destacando-se aqueles mais exaltados nas fontes. Desta forma, será permitido analisar as características da relação Bastet-Sekhmet e verificar a preponderância de uma e de outra, passando, tanto quanto possível, por toda a cronologia da história do antigo Egipto.
Será também objecto de estudo a relação entre Bastet e Sekhmet com os seus equivalentes biológicos, o gato doméstico e o leão, respectivamente, de forma a tentar perceber como se coaduna o papel, atributos e personalidade de cada uma. Para isso recorrer-se-á a ciências auxiliares como a biologia e a geografia.
A compreensão de Bastet e Sekhmet enquanto divindades individuais, conjuntas e sincréticas permitirá a compreensão de outras dinâmicas, sejam elas no contexto da religião, das ligações e interacções com a monarquia, ou no contexto cultual e ritualístico. Isto, por sua vez, possibilitará a formação de uma imagem global tendo em conta todos os factores estudados, corroborando ou contrariando a proposição inicial: Bastet e Sekhmet enquanto um sistema religioso dual.
Bastet and Sekhmet are seen by several authors as a dual religious system, being hard to reference one without the other. Although mentioned, the circumstances of this association have residual support of written (but not exclusive) sources, being difficult to understand its origin. This project aims to study these relations and interactions, perceiving each component of this dual religious system individually and, subsequently, jointly. The main basis of our study is the analysis of Egyptian texts where Bastet and Sekhmet figure, so that a clearer and more accurate image of this bi-religious dynamic can be unveiled. Starting from these sources and resorting to bibliography and historiographic production, several aspects of the two deities will be analyzed, highlighting those which are most alluded in the sources. In this way, it will be allowed to analyze the characteristics of the Bastet-Sekhmet relationship and verify the prominence of one and the other, passing as far as possible throughout the chronology of the history of ancient Egypt. The relationship between Bastet and Sekhmet with their biological equivalents, respectively with the domestic cat and the lion, will also be studied to try to understand how the role, attributes and personality of each one is integrated in their image, analysis supported by auxiliary sciences such as biology and geography. Understanding Bastet and Sekhmet as individual, joint, and syncretic deities will allow the understanding of other dynamics, whether in the context of religion, in connections and interactions with the monarchy, or in the cultic and ritualistic context. This, in turn, will enable the creation of a global image in view of all the factors studied, corroborating or contradicting the initial proposition of Bastet and Sekhmet as a dual religious system.
Bastet and Sekhmet are seen by several authors as a dual religious system, being hard to reference one without the other. Although mentioned, the circumstances of this association have residual support of written (but not exclusive) sources, being difficult to understand its origin. This project aims to study these relations and interactions, perceiving each component of this dual religious system individually and, subsequently, jointly. The main basis of our study is the analysis of Egyptian texts where Bastet and Sekhmet figure, so that a clearer and more accurate image of this bi-religious dynamic can be unveiled. Starting from these sources and resorting to bibliography and historiographic production, several aspects of the two deities will be analyzed, highlighting those which are most alluded in the sources. In this way, it will be allowed to analyze the characteristics of the Bastet-Sekhmet relationship and verify the prominence of one and the other, passing as far as possible throughout the chronology of the history of ancient Egypt. The relationship between Bastet and Sekhmet with their biological equivalents, respectively with the domestic cat and the lion, will also be studied to try to understand how the role, attributes and personality of each one is integrated in their image, analysis supported by auxiliary sciences such as biology and geography. Understanding Bastet and Sekhmet as individual, joint, and syncretic deities will allow the understanding of other dynamics, whether in the context of religion, in connections and interactions with the monarchy, or in the cultic and ritualistic context. This, in turn, will enable the creation of a global image in view of all the factors studied, corroborating or contradicting the initial proposition of Bastet and Sekhmet as a dual religious system.
Description
Keywords
Bastet (Divindade egípcia) Sekhmet (Divindade egípcia) Mitologia egípcia Religião egípcia Egipto - História - Antiguidade Teses de mestrado - 2019