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O papel da desobediência civil na contrução democrática do direito : o exemplo do Movimento Ocupe Estelita : ocupar e resistir!
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A presente dissertação pretende refletir sobre o papel da desobediência civil na construção democrática do Direito, assumindo que toda ação ou omissão do Estado gera uma reação social capaz de interferir novamente na ação política dos governantes e gestores públicos, mas também na ação do Legislativo e, com isso, no ordenamento jurídico. Pretende-se demonstrar que a ação de desobediência civil levada a cabo pelos movimentos sociais no contexto de crise das instituições jurídico-políticas da modernidade se consubstancia como um mecanismo alternativo de exercício da cidadania, portanto, não pode ser equiparada à desobediência criminal, devendo ter seu papel reconhecido no ambiente democrático. Para tanto, a pesquisa bibliográfica resgata, em síntese, a natureza histórica da desobediência civil, diferenciando-a do direito de resistência. Analisa-se como o direito de resistência tem sido abordado em algumas Constituições, percorrendo o desenvolvimento da teoria sobre a desobediência civil até alcançarmos os elementos específicos e as condições apontadas como necessárias para o seu exercício. O estudo caminha cuidadoso entre a linha imaginária que divide o Direito e a política, percorre as justificativas apresentadas para legitimar a desobediência à lei, propondo, para que o problema seja alcançado, a superação do paradigma positivista clássico. Admite-se, portanto, a existência de situações que ultrapassam a fronteira do ordenamento jurídico, apesar de não estarem dissociadas dele. Em seguida, discute-se a desobediência civil como instrumento de apelo à participação popular, apontando a sua justificação jurídica, seja como exercício de um direito, seja como mecanismo de controle de constitucionalidade. A partir do terceiro capítulo, o estudo é encarado através de uma análise voltada para a realidade prática brasileira. Os movimentos sociais, em especial o Movimento Ocupe Estelita, utilizado como exemplo, se apresentam como sujeitos coletivos que impulsionam a criação de novos padrões de legitimidade e juridicidade, influenciando diretamente no ordenamento jurídico. Por fim, discorremos sobre as tentativas de apropriação da desobediência civil pelo Direito, concluindo que essa apropriação tem se dado com maior força em seu viés negativo.
The present dissertation intends to reflect on the role of civil disobedience in the democratic construction of law, assuming that any action or omission of the State generates a social reaction, capable of interfering again in the political action of the rulers and public managers, but also in the action of the legislature and with this, in the legal system. It intends to demonstrate that the civil disobedience action carried out by the social movements in the context of the crisis of the legal-political institutions of modernity is consubstantiated as an alternative mechanism for the exercise of citizenship, therefore, it can not be equated with criminal disobedience and should have its role Recognized in the democratic environment. For this, the bibliographic research rescues, in synthesis, the historical nature of the civil disobedience, differentiating it of the right of resistance. It is analyzed how the right of resistance has been approached in some constitutions, traversing the development of the theory on civil disobedience until we reach the specific elements and the conditions pointed out as necessary for its exercise. The study, a careful walk between the imaginary line that divides law and politics, goes through the justifications presented to legitimize disobedience to the law, proposing, for the problem to be reached, overcoming the classic positivist paradigm. The existence of situations that go beyond the boundary of the legal order is admitted, although they are not dissociated from it. Next, civil disobedience is discussed as an instrument of appeal to popular participation, pointing out its legal justification, either as an exercise of a right, or as a mechanism of constitutionality control. From the third chapter, the study is based on an analysis focused on Brazilian practical reality. Here, social movements, especially the Occupy Estelita Movement, used as an example, present themselves as collective subjects that impel the creation of new standards of legitimacy and juridicity, directly influencing the legal order. Finally, we discuss the attempts to appropriate civil disobedience by law, concluding that this appropriation has been given more force in its negative bias.
The present dissertation intends to reflect on the role of civil disobedience in the democratic construction of law, assuming that any action or omission of the State generates a social reaction, capable of interfering again in the political action of the rulers and public managers, but also in the action of the legislature and with this, in the legal system. It intends to demonstrate that the civil disobedience action carried out by the social movements in the context of the crisis of the legal-political institutions of modernity is consubstantiated as an alternative mechanism for the exercise of citizenship, therefore, it can not be equated with criminal disobedience and should have its role Recognized in the democratic environment. For this, the bibliographic research rescues, in synthesis, the historical nature of the civil disobedience, differentiating it of the right of resistance. It is analyzed how the right of resistance has been approached in some constitutions, traversing the development of the theory on civil disobedience until we reach the specific elements and the conditions pointed out as necessary for its exercise. The study, a careful walk between the imaginary line that divides law and politics, goes through the justifications presented to legitimize disobedience to the law, proposing, for the problem to be reached, overcoming the classic positivist paradigm. The existence of situations that go beyond the boundary of the legal order is admitted, although they are not dissociated from it. Next, civil disobedience is discussed as an instrument of appeal to popular participation, pointing out its legal justification, either as an exercise of a right, or as a mechanism of constitutionality control. From the third chapter, the study is based on an analysis focused on Brazilian practical reality. Here, social movements, especially the Occupy Estelita Movement, used as an example, present themselves as collective subjects that impel the creation of new standards of legitimacy and juridicity, directly influencing the legal order. Finally, we discuss the attempts to appropriate civil disobedience by law, concluding that this appropriation has been given more force in its negative bias.
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Desobediência civil Direito de resistência Estado democratico Estado de direito Movimento social Direito à cidade Brasil Teses de mestrado - 2018