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Qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde, autoconceito e autoeficácia : estudo qualitativo exploratório com doentes crónicos
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Resumo(s)
o aumento da prevalência de doenças crónicas torna-se fundamental estudar este âmbito e as variáveis que lhe estejam associadas. O autoconceito e a perceção de autoeficácia são determinantes no comportamento humano, sendo variáveis fulcrais na vivência do processo crónico.
Desta forma espera-se que a presente investigação venha esclarecer o impacto da doença no autoconceito e na perceção de autoeficácia, bem como a influência e a importância de incluir estes aspetos psicológicos nos programas de reabilitação direcionados a doentes crónicos.
Este estudo procura, assim, perceber que alterações ocorrem com a doença crónica e que consequências decorrem para o autoconceito e perceção de autoeficácia do doente. Para tal realizou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada e foram aplicados os seguintes questionários: Inventário Clínico do Auto-conceito e SF-36.
Realizou-se uma análise qualitativa dos resultados obtidos através da entrevista semiestruturada e dos questionários SF-36 (v2) e ICAC, adotando-se uma perspetiva exploratória e idiográfica. Assim, recorreu-se à Análise Fenomenológica Interpretativa para analisar o conteúdo das entrevistas e a comparação dos resultados de cada participante em relação à entrevista e questionários.
Os resultados revelaram que o autoconceito e a perceção de autoeficácia são variáveis que sofrem alterações consoante os domínios de vida que são afetados pela doença crónica. Para além disso, a reabilitação foi valorizada como um meio para atingir melhorias e identificada como um processo que, através dessas melhorias, aumenta a perceção de autoeficácia. Assim, este estudo destaca a importância de promover o autoconceito e a perceção de autoeficácia, no âmbito do processo de reabilitação. Neste âmbito, discutem-se as implicações práticas para a intervenção psicológica, nomeadamente através da psicoeducação e promoção das interações sociais.
As the prevalence of chronic illness increases the importance of studying this field and the variables that are associated increases too. The self-concept and the self-efficacy beliefs are decisive on human behaviour which makes those variables crucial on the process of living with a chronic illness. Thus, the present study seeks to clarify the impact of the chronic illness on self-concept and self-efficacy beliefs. Furthermore, it seeks to understand the influence and importance of including those psychological variables on recovery programs directed to chronic patients. Therefore, the present study aims to understand what are the changes associated with the chronic process and what are the consequences for the self-concept and for the self-efficacy beliefs. To answer those questions a semi-structured interview and the application of the following questionnaires was carried out: Inventário Clínico do Auto-conceito and SF-36 (v2). A qualitative analysis of the interview and the questionnaires was conducted adopting an exploratory and idiographic perspective. Consequently, an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of the content of the interviews was performed as well as an intraindividual comparison of the results obtained from the interview and the questionnaires. The results showed that the self-concept and the self-efficacy beliefs change accordingly to the life domains that are affected by the chronic illness. Moreover, the recovery process was recognized as a means to improve and identified as a process that, through that improvement, increases the self-efficacy beliefs. As so, the present study highlights the importance of promoting the self-concept and the self-efficacy beliefs during the recovery process. This study also rises practical suggestions for the psychological intervention, specifically psychoeducation and promotion of social interactions.
As the prevalence of chronic illness increases the importance of studying this field and the variables that are associated increases too. The self-concept and the self-efficacy beliefs are decisive on human behaviour which makes those variables crucial on the process of living with a chronic illness. Thus, the present study seeks to clarify the impact of the chronic illness on self-concept and self-efficacy beliefs. Furthermore, it seeks to understand the influence and importance of including those psychological variables on recovery programs directed to chronic patients. Therefore, the present study aims to understand what are the changes associated with the chronic process and what are the consequences for the self-concept and for the self-efficacy beliefs. To answer those questions a semi-structured interview and the application of the following questionnaires was carried out: Inventário Clínico do Auto-conceito and SF-36 (v2). A qualitative analysis of the interview and the questionnaires was conducted adopting an exploratory and idiographic perspective. Consequently, an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of the content of the interviews was performed as well as an intraindividual comparison of the results obtained from the interview and the questionnaires. The results showed that the self-concept and the self-efficacy beliefs change accordingly to the life domains that are affected by the chronic illness. Moreover, the recovery process was recognized as a means to improve and identified as a process that, through that improvement, increases the self-efficacy beliefs. As so, the present study highlights the importance of promoting the self-concept and the self-efficacy beliefs during the recovery process. This study also rises practical suggestions for the psychological intervention, specifically psychoeducation and promotion of social interactions.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde, Núcleo de Psicologia da Saúde e da Doença), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2018
Palavras-chave
Doença crónica Percepção de si Reabilitação Teses de mestrado - 2018