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Plantas medicinais na terapêutica da ansiedade : será uma alternativa real?
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Atualmente, existe uma opinião generalizada de que a ansiedade é uma característica dos nossos dias. Estima-se que cerca de um terço da população seja afetada por este problema. No entanto, a sensação de que os casos de ansiedade têm vindo a aumentar, pode dever-se a um aumento da procura da terapêutica. Assim, assiste-se a um desenvolvimento do mercado de fármacos ansiolíticos, como as benzodiazepinas. Apesar da sua eficácia, estes fármacos implicam efeitos adversos, pelo que se tem procurado cada vez mais soluções alternativas, onde as plantas medicinais têm vindo a assumir um especial destaque. Será esta terapêutica uma alternativa real?
Withania somnifera, uma rasayana, promove a homeostasia, contribuindo para uma melhor resposta em situações de stress. Bacopa monnieri, mais estudada para questões cognitivas e de memória, é também conhecida pela sua potente atividade adaptógena. Destaca-se em Citrus aurantium os óleos essenciais usados principalmente em aromoterapia na ansiedade. Matricaria recutita é conhecida pela ação relaxante e calmante proporcionada pelos seus chás e óleos. Echinacea spp., conhecida pelas propriedades anti-inflamatória e imunomoduladora, foi mais recentemente reconhecida pelos seus benefícios em situações de ansiedade. O uso de Galphimia glauca no México, devido às suas propriedades ansiolíticas, foi mais recentemente comprovado. Centella asiatica revela-se pela sua capacidade para regular o sistema nervoso central. Piper methysticum foi reconhecida como uma alternativa “natural” às benzodiazepinas. Melissa officinalis é uma alternativa terapêutica na ansiedade, mas com risco de dependência. Existem relatórios devidamente documentados sobre o uso tradicional de Passiflora incarnata como terapia ansiolítica, no entanto ainda se desconhecem quais os constituintes e mecanismos responsáveis. Hypericum perforatum foi legalizada na Alemanha para o tratamento da ansiedade, depressão e insónia. Valeriana officinalis é essencialmente recomendada como sedativa no tratamento da insónia.
Nowadays, there is a generalized opinion that anxiety is a feature of current times. It is estimated that about one third of the population has this problem. However, the impression that anxiety cases have been increasing is probably due to the increased demand for therapeutics. Thus, there is a development of the drug market, such as benzodiazepines. Despite its effectiveness, these drugs cause adverse effects, so alternative solutions have been seeked more and more, where herbal medicines have been gaining a special role. Will this therapy be a real alternative? Withania somnifera, a rasayana, promotes homeostasis, contributing to a better response in stressful situations. Bacopa monnieri is deeply studied for cognitive and memory issues, but it is also known for its strong adaptogenic activity. In Citrus aurantium, we should highlight its essential oils used in aromatherapy in anxiety cases. Matricaria recutita is known for the relaxing and calming effect of its teas and oils. Echinacea spp. has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties and, more recently, it was recognized for its benefits in anxiety. Galphimia glauca have been used in Mexico due to its anxiolytic properties that were proved lately. Centella asiatica is highlighted by its ability to regulate the central nervous system. Piper methysticum was considered a natural alternative to benzodiazepines. Melissa officinalis is also an alternative therapy for anxiety issues, but with risk of dependence. There are well-documented reports on traditional use of Passiflora incarnata as an anxiolytic therapy, but responsible mechanisms and components are still unknown. Hypericum perforatum was legalized in Germany for the treatment of anxiety, depression and insomnia. Valeriana officinalis is mainly recommended as sedative in the insomnia therapy.
Nowadays, there is a generalized opinion that anxiety is a feature of current times. It is estimated that about one third of the population has this problem. However, the impression that anxiety cases have been increasing is probably due to the increased demand for therapeutics. Thus, there is a development of the drug market, such as benzodiazepines. Despite its effectiveness, these drugs cause adverse effects, so alternative solutions have been seeked more and more, where herbal medicines have been gaining a special role. Will this therapy be a real alternative? Withania somnifera, a rasayana, promotes homeostasis, contributing to a better response in stressful situations. Bacopa monnieri is deeply studied for cognitive and memory issues, but it is also known for its strong adaptogenic activity. In Citrus aurantium, we should highlight its essential oils used in aromatherapy in anxiety cases. Matricaria recutita is known for the relaxing and calming effect of its teas and oils. Echinacea spp. has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties and, more recently, it was recognized for its benefits in anxiety. Galphimia glauca have been used in Mexico due to its anxiolytic properties that were proved lately. Centella asiatica is highlighted by its ability to regulate the central nervous system. Piper methysticum was considered a natural alternative to benzodiazepines. Melissa officinalis is also an alternative therapy for anxiety issues, but with risk of dependence. There are well-documented reports on traditional use of Passiflora incarnata as an anxiolytic therapy, but responsible mechanisms and components are still unknown. Hypericum perforatum was legalized in Germany for the treatment of anxiety, depression and insomnia. Valeriana officinalis is mainly recommended as sedative in the insomnia therapy.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2017
Palavras-chave
Plantas medicinais Ansiedade Efeito ansiolítico Mestrado Integrado - 2017