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Este estudo, realizado no âmbito da prática de ensino supervisionada, incidiu sobre a compreensão que os alunos de uma turma do 10.º ano revelam do tema Transformações geométricas dos gráficos de funções, com recurso ao software de geometria dinâmica Geogebra e à calculadora gráfica. A lecionação da presente subunidade de ensino decorreu no Instituto de Ciências Educativas, durante o início do 3.º período, ao longo de 15 tempos de 45 minutos, assente na realização de tarefas exploratórias.
A metodologia utilizada ao longo deste estudo insere-se numa abordagem qualitativa de estudo de caso. Como métodos de recolha de dados, recorreu-se à observação das aulas, à recolha documental das produções escritas dos alunos e à realização de uma entrevista aos quatro alunos selecionados como participantes e que se constituíram como dois casos, uma vez que trabalharam a pares nas aulas.
A análise de dados mostra que as transformações geométricas de gráficos de funções é um tema que pode ser contraintuitivo para os alunos. Perante a transformação geométrica vertical do gráfico de uma função os alunos conseguem explicar as mudanças que ocorrem ao gráfico da função, tendo consciência das alterações que ocorrem de uma função para a outra, em particular no que se refere à expressão algébrica. No caso horizontal, os alunos tendem a revelar mais dificuldade ao estabelecerem a relação que existe entre a expressão algébrica da nova função e o gráfico associado à mesma que sofreu a transformação geométrica.
A tecnologia usada permitiu aos alunos refletirem sobre as ações que cada transformação produz em cada o gráfico e que aspetos se alterariam quando era criada uma nova função. A visualização, através do Geogebra e da calculadora gráfica, permitiu aos alunos terem consciência das mudanças que ocorriam graficamente, relacionando a componente gráfica e algébrica. Este aspeto foi bastante realçado pela utilização de tarefas exploratórias que fomentavam a conexão entre estas duas componentes.
This study, carried out in the context of the supervised teaching practice, is focused on the understanding that 10th grade students show of geometric transformations of graphics of functions, using as a resource the dynamic geometry software Geogebra and the graphic calculator. The teaching of this subunit was developed at Instituto de Ciências Educativas, during the beginning of the 3rd term, for 15 lessons of 45 minutes, based on the work with exploratory tasks. The methodology adopted in this study is a qualitative approach case study. The methods of data collection are classroom observations, documental collection of the students’ written productions and an interview of four students selected as participants that were constituted as two cases studies, as they have worked in pairs in the classroom. The data analysis shows that geometric transformations of graphics of functions is a theme that can be counterintuitive to the students. Facing the vertical geometrical transformation of the graph of a function, students can explain changes that occur to the function graph, having in mind changes from a function to another and, particularly those which respect to the algebraic expression of the new function. In the horizontal case, students tend to reveal more difficulty in establishing the relation between the algebraic expression of the new function and the graph associated that suffered the geometrical transformation. The technology used allowed students to reflect about the actions that each transformation produces in each graph and which aspects would change when a new function is created. The visualization, through the Geogebra and the graphic calculator, enables students to be more aware of the changes that occurred graphically, comparing the algebraic and graphic components. This aspect was well revealed by the usage of exploratory tasks which promote the connection between both components.
This study, carried out in the context of the supervised teaching practice, is focused on the understanding that 10th grade students show of geometric transformations of graphics of functions, using as a resource the dynamic geometry software Geogebra and the graphic calculator. The teaching of this subunit was developed at Instituto de Ciências Educativas, during the beginning of the 3rd term, for 15 lessons of 45 minutes, based on the work with exploratory tasks. The methodology adopted in this study is a qualitative approach case study. The methods of data collection are classroom observations, documental collection of the students’ written productions and an interview of four students selected as participants that were constituted as two cases studies, as they have worked in pairs in the classroom. The data analysis shows that geometric transformations of graphics of functions is a theme that can be counterintuitive to the students. Facing the vertical geometrical transformation of the graph of a function, students can explain changes that occur to the function graph, having in mind changes from a function to another and, particularly those which respect to the algebraic expression of the new function. In the horizontal case, students tend to reveal more difficulty in establishing the relation between the algebraic expression of the new function and the graph associated that suffered the geometrical transformation. The technology used allowed students to reflect about the actions that each transformation produces in each graph and which aspects would change when a new function is created. The visualization, through the Geogebra and the graphic calculator, enables students to be more aware of the changes that occurred graphically, comparing the algebraic and graphic components. This aspect was well revealed by the usage of exploratory tasks which promote the connection between both components.
Descrição
Relatório da prática de ensino supervisionada, Mestrado em Ensino de Matemática, Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Educação, 2018
Palavras-chave
Transformações Funções Calculadora gráfica Geometria Relatórios da prática de ensino supervisionada - 2018
