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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Esta dissertação de mestrado pretende estudar o Acheulense de grandes lascas do
centro Sul de Portugal, com base num estudo comparativo entre duas jazidas
paleolíticas: Pousias / Quinta do Cónego e a Gruta do Almonda.
A evolução das investigações sobre o Acheulense permitiu diferenciar uma outra
realidade dentro deste tecno-complexo, designada Acheulense de grandes lascas.
Este difere do tradicional Acheulense, por ter numa industria vocacionada para a
debitagem de grandes lascas com dimensões superiores a 10 cm (Kleindienst, 1962;
Sharon, 2010), lascas que posteriormente são configuradas servindo de suporte para
utensílios. No Acheulense tradicional os utensílios são fabricados essencialmente
através configuração de peças nucleiformes (Boëda, Geneste e Meignen, 1990).
Apesar de esta situação ser referida nalguns trabalhos anteriores (Biberson,
1954; Tixier, 1956; Kleindienst, 1962) e de ser devidamente reconhecida na jazida de
Olduvai em 1975 (Leakey, 1975), só em 2010 se precedeu à sua individualização
(Sharon, 2010).
Contudo, as características que definiram este tecno-complexo, foram aferidas
principalmente em jazidas africanas e do Próximo Oriente. Assim sendo, pretende-se
com este trabalho procurar enquadrar o Acheulenses do território central de Portugal
nesta realidade. Averiguando nomeadamente quais as semelhanças e as dissimilitudes
entre os conjuntos líticos abordados por Sharon (Sharon, 2010) e os do território
Português.
A proposta de Sharon para a cronologia do Acheulense de grandes lascas, como
anterior a 0.5 Ma (Sharon, 2010), também não parece enquadrar-se com as recentes
datações de algumas jazidas da Península Ibérica que aproximam a datação do
Acheulense de grandes lascas à transição entre o Paleolítico Inferior e o Paleolítico
Médio (Rubio-Jara et al., 2016). Embora não seja possível aferir uma cronologia
absoluta para as jazidas Acheulenses abordadas nesta dissertação, pretende-se perceber
se existe realmente uma diferença cultural, cronológica, ou se esta tecnologia é uma
resposta, por parte dos mesmos talhadores, a condicionantes da disponibilidade da
matéria-prima (Villa, 1981).
This dissertation intends to study the Large Flake Acheulian of large in the center of southern Portugal, based on a comparative study between two Paleolithic Stations: Pousias / Quinta do Cónego and the Almonda cave. The investigations evolution on Acheulian allowed to differentiate another reality within this tecno-complex, denominated Large Flake Acheulian. This differs from the traditional Acheulian, by having an industry aimed to the debiting of large flakes larger than 10 cm (Kleindienst, 1962; Sharon, 2010), flakes that are later configured to serve as support for tools. In the traditional Acheulian these tools were manufactured essentially by the configuration of nucleiform pieces (Boëda, Geneste and Meignen, 1990). Although this situation is mentioned in some previous works (Biberson, 1954, Tixier, 1956, Kleindienst, 1962) and to be duly recognized in the Olduvai deposit in 1975 (Leakey, 1975), it was only in 2010 that it preceded its individualization (Sharon, 2010). However, the characteristics that defined this techno-complex were measured mainly in African and Near Eastern paleolithic stations. Thus, this work intends to correlate the Acheulian of the central Portugal in this reality. Finding the similarities and dissimilarities between the lithic study by Sharon (Sharon, 2010) and those in the Portuguese territory. Sharon's proposal for the chronology of the Acheulense of large flakes, as prior to 0.5 Ma (Sharon, 2010), does not seem to fit with the recent date for some deposits of the Iberian Peninsula that approximate the Acheulense of large flakes to transition between the Lower Palaeolithic and the Middle Palaeolithic (Rubio-Jara et al., 2016). Although it is not possible to determine an absolute chronology for the Acheulian stations discussed in this work, it is intended to understand if there is indeed a cultural or chronological difference, or if this technology is a response, by the same tool makers, to the availability of raw material (Villa, 1981).
This dissertation intends to study the Large Flake Acheulian of large in the center of southern Portugal, based on a comparative study between two Paleolithic Stations: Pousias / Quinta do Cónego and the Almonda cave. The investigations evolution on Acheulian allowed to differentiate another reality within this tecno-complex, denominated Large Flake Acheulian. This differs from the traditional Acheulian, by having an industry aimed to the debiting of large flakes larger than 10 cm (Kleindienst, 1962; Sharon, 2010), flakes that are later configured to serve as support for tools. In the traditional Acheulian these tools were manufactured essentially by the configuration of nucleiform pieces (Boëda, Geneste and Meignen, 1990). Although this situation is mentioned in some previous works (Biberson, 1954, Tixier, 1956, Kleindienst, 1962) and to be duly recognized in the Olduvai deposit in 1975 (Leakey, 1975), it was only in 2010 that it preceded its individualization (Sharon, 2010). However, the characteristics that defined this techno-complex were measured mainly in African and Near Eastern paleolithic stations. Thus, this work intends to correlate the Acheulian of the central Portugal in this reality. Finding the similarities and dissimilarities between the lithic study by Sharon (Sharon, 2010) and those in the Portuguese territory. Sharon's proposal for the chronology of the Acheulense of large flakes, as prior to 0.5 Ma (Sharon, 2010), does not seem to fit with the recent date for some deposits of the Iberian Peninsula that approximate the Acheulense of large flakes to transition between the Lower Palaeolithic and the Middle Palaeolithic (Rubio-Jara et al., 2016). Although it is not possible to determine an absolute chronology for the Acheulian stations discussed in this work, it is intended to understand if there is indeed a cultural or chronological difference, or if this technology is a response, by the same tool makers, to the availability of raw material (Villa, 1981).
Description
Keywords
Acheulense - Portugal (centro-sul) Paleolítico inferior - Portugal Indústria lítica - Portugal (centro-sul) Vestígios arqueológicos pré-históricos - Portugal Teses de mestrado - 2018