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Paradigma ITB na avaliação da discriminação de jovens contra idosos e influência da entoação na discriminação
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Com o aumento da percentagem de população idosa na nossa sociedade, verificamos cada vez mais acontecimentos de idadismo (discriminação devido à idade), em Portugal verifica-se que há mais discriminação contra idosos do que contra jovens, pelo que é importante estudar em que medida a discriminação contra idosos acontece na população portuguesa jovem.
Uma das formas de avaliar a discriminação é o paradigma Intergroup Time Bias (ITB), em que se medem as diferenças no tempo que um participante demora a avaliar imagens de membros do próprio grupo e imagens de membros de outro grupo. Neste paradigma é associada a cada imagem um termo escrito que não seja característico de nenhum dos grupos em estudo, sendo que os termos têm valência positiva e negativa.
Assim, neste trabalho são apresentados dois estudos com o paradigma ITB para avaliar o idadismo. Enquanto no estudo 1, foi utilizado o ITB clássico, no estudo 2 foi feita uma adaptação do paradigma para integrar os termos como estímulo sonoro em vez de estímulo escrito. Pretendeu-se, desta forma, aproximar o estudo 2 à realidade das interações sociais, sendo incluídos dois tons de voz distintos, um tom neutro e um tom marcado (irónico).
Ambos os estudos contaram com a participação de jovens. Os resultados do estudo 1 mostram que existe efeito ITB quando os termos associados às imagens têm valência positiva. Por outro lado, no estudo 2, não foi encontrado efeito ITB em nenhum dos tons de voz utilizados.
The rising percentage of elders in today’s society leads to increasing ageism (discrimination triggered because of the subjects age) phenomena. In Portugal, ageism is much more common towards the elderly, so it is important to study to what extent discrimination against the elderly occurs in the young Portuguese population. On way of assessing discrimination is the Intergroup Time Bias (ITB) paradigm, which measures the differences in the time it takes a participant to evaluate group members’ images and images from other groups. In this paradigm, each image is associated with a word that is not specific of any of the groups in the study, the words used have positive and negative valence. Thus, this work has two studies with the ITB paradigm to evaluate ageism towards the elderly. In the first study, the classical ITB was used. However, in the second study a modified ITB paradigm was used so as to integrate the words as sound stimulus rather than a written stimulus. This modification was intended to bring the second study closer to the reality of social interactions. This choice was made to include two different voice intonations, one neutral and the other ironic. Both the first and second studies were made by young people. The results of the first study show that there is an ITB effect when the words associated to the images have a positive valence. However, in the second study, no ITB effect was found in either voice intonation.
The rising percentage of elders in today’s society leads to increasing ageism (discrimination triggered because of the subjects age) phenomena. In Portugal, ageism is much more common towards the elderly, so it is important to study to what extent discrimination against the elderly occurs in the young Portuguese population. On way of assessing discrimination is the Intergroup Time Bias (ITB) paradigm, which measures the differences in the time it takes a participant to evaluate group members’ images and images from other groups. In this paradigm, each image is associated with a word that is not specific of any of the groups in the study, the words used have positive and negative valence. Thus, this work has two studies with the ITB paradigm to evaluate ageism towards the elderly. In the first study, the classical ITB was used. However, in the second study a modified ITB paradigm was used so as to integrate the words as sound stimulus rather than a written stimulus. This modification was intended to bring the second study closer to the reality of social interactions. This choice was made to include two different voice intonations, one neutral and the other ironic. Both the first and second studies were made by young people. The results of the first study show that there is an ITB effect when the words associated to the images have a positive valence. However, in the second study, no ITB effect was found in either voice intonation.
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Percepção social Idosos Juventude Discriminação pela idade Estereótipo (Psicologia) Ciências cognitivas Teses de mestrado - 2017