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Os confessores de D. Pedro II (1668-1706) : os directores de consciência régia
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A confissão, profissão de fé e confidência, como acto privado, faz parte dos
silêncios da História. No caso dos soberanos, a historiografia tem destacado o papel dos
confessores como directores de consciência régia. Tarefa exigente, que poderia trazer
algum protagonismo e mercês no seio da corte, compreende-se aqui o caso português ao
tempo de D. Pedro II.
Analisada a prevalência dos padres confessores da Companhia de Jesus no
confessionário régio português a partir do reinado de D. João III, face a outras Ordens,
como dominicanos, oratorianos e franciscanos, releva-se o legado e papel dos jesuítas.
Destacando-se, neste sentido, o Pe. Manuel Fernandes e o Pe. Sebastião de
Magalhães – os confessores de D. Pedro II.
Em diferentes momentos, tiveram o privilégio de acompanhar o soberano nas
suas horas de maior angústia e tensão, designadamente, desde a conjuntura política que
iria retirar D. Afonso VI do poder, passando pelos problemas da Inquisição e da morte
de D. Maria Francisca, bem como da tentativa de renúncia ao trono por parte de D.
Pedro, enquanto ainda regente. Nestas circunstâncias, noutras situações igualmente
importantes, a posição desses padres ia num sentido – confessar e aconselhar.
Na acção de ambos os padres esteve bem patente a dupla função de confessar
espiritualmente e aconselhar politicamente. Foram várias as controvérsias que surgiram
em torno desta questão, pois a função do confessor não deveria transpor a linha da
espiritualidade para se envolver nas questões de Estado. Muitas das atitudes destes
padres acabaram por se reflectir nas ordens de que eram membros. Assim se percebe
que o confessor fosse muitas vezes designado de valido, devido aos assuntos em que
manifestava o seu parecer. Sendo que essa denominação se devia à complexa ocupação
de confessar, num plano entre o “céu e a terra”.
The confession, profession of faith and trust, as a private act is part of the silences of History. In the case of kings, historiography has underlined the role of confessors as royal consciousness directors. A difficult task, which could bring some leadership and favors in the court, it is understood here the Portuguese case in the time of D. Pedro II. Examined the prevalence of confessor’s priests of the Society of Jesus in the Portuguese royal confessional from the reign of King John III, against other Orders, such as Dominicans, Oratorians and Franciscans, it will be highlight the legacy and the role of Jesuits. In this sense, it stands out Father Manuel Fernandes and Father Sebastião de Magalhães - Confessors of D. Pedro II. At different moments, they had the privilege to accompany the king in his times of greatest distress and tension, like the political situation that would remove King Afonso VI of power, the problems of the Inquisition, the death of Maria Francisca, as well as the attempt to renounce the throne by King Pedro, while still regent. In these circumstances in other equally important situations, the position of these priests was in a sense - confess and advise. In there action was evident the double function of confessing spiritually and advising politically. There were several controversies that have arisen around this issue because the function of the confessor should not cross the line of spirituality to get involved in matters of state. Many of the attitudes of these priests eventually were reflected in the Orders that they were members. We can understand why the confessor was often called valid, due to the issues in which it expressed its opinion. This designation was due to the complex occupation of confessing in a plane between "heaven and earth".
The confession, profession of faith and trust, as a private act is part of the silences of History. In the case of kings, historiography has underlined the role of confessors as royal consciousness directors. A difficult task, which could bring some leadership and favors in the court, it is understood here the Portuguese case in the time of D. Pedro II. Examined the prevalence of confessor’s priests of the Society of Jesus in the Portuguese royal confessional from the reign of King John III, against other Orders, such as Dominicans, Oratorians and Franciscans, it will be highlight the legacy and the role of Jesuits. In this sense, it stands out Father Manuel Fernandes and Father Sebastião de Magalhães - Confessors of D. Pedro II. At different moments, they had the privilege to accompany the king in his times of greatest distress and tension, like the political situation that would remove King Afonso VI of power, the problems of the Inquisition, the death of Maria Francisca, as well as the attempt to renounce the throne by King Pedro, while still regent. In these circumstances in other equally important situations, the position of these priests was in a sense - confess and advise. In there action was evident the double function of confessing spiritually and advising politically. There were several controversies that have arisen around this issue because the function of the confessor should not cross the line of spirituality to get involved in matters of state. Many of the attitudes of these priests eventually were reflected in the Orders that they were members. We can understand why the confessor was often called valid, due to the issues in which it expressed its opinion. This designation was due to the complex occupation of confessing in a plane between "heaven and earth".
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Pedro II, Rei de Portugal, 1648-1706 Confessores - Portugal - 1668-1706 Portugal - Reis e soberanos - Aspectos religiosos - 1668-1706 Igreja e Estado - Portugal - séc.17 Jesuítas - Portugal - séc.17 Teses de mestrado - 2017