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Abstract(s)
Os “Elite Controllers” do HIV são um grupo de indivíduos capazes de controlar a replicação viral, mantendo os níveis de RNA viral abaixo das 50 cópias/mL, durante vários anos, sem efectuar qualquer tipo de terapêutica anti-retroviral. Estes indivíduos diferem de um grupo já conhecido, os long-term non-progressors, por manterem a carga viral indetectável e um número estável de linfócitos T CD4+.
Alguns dos mecanismos envolvidos no controlo da infecção por HIV nestes indivíduos continuam por elucidar, mas um conjunto de factores ligados ao hospedeiro, como a imunidade inata e a imunidade celular, parecem estar intimamente relacionados com a manutenção da carga viral indetectável, e com a contagem elevada de linfócitos T CD4+.
O papel dos linfócitos T CD8+ polifuncionais específicos contra o HIV aparenta ser a chave para que o sistema imunitário consiga controlar a infecção durante vários anos. Contudo, é o conjunto de diversos factores in vivo, como o papel da imunidade celular e dos factores genéticos do hospedeiro, que se torna responsável pelo controlo da virémia, mesmo sem terapêutica anti-retroviral.
A compreensão dos mecanismos envolvidos no controlo da infecção por HIV pelos Elite Controllers poderá acrescentar informação crítica para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de vacinação anti-HIV.
"Elite Controllers" of HIV is a group of individuals able to control viral replication keeping levels of viral RNA below 50 copies/mL for several years, without any kind of antiretroviral therapy. These individuals differ from other group already known as long-term non-progressors, by keeping an undetectable viral load and a stable number and CD4+ T lymphocytes. Some mechanisms involved in the control of HIV infection in these individuals remain to be elucidated, but several of factors linked to the host, such as innate immunity and cellular immunity seem to be closely related with the maintenance of undetectable viral load, and the count high CD4+ T lymphocytes. The role of HIV-specific polyfunctional cytotoxic T lymphocytes appears to be the key so that the immune system can be able to control the infection for several years. However, is the combination of several factors in vivo, such as the role of cellular immunity and host genetic factors, that is responsible for keeping undetectable viremia, even without antiretroviral therapy. Understanding the mechanisms involved in the control of HIV infection by Elite Controllers can add critical information for developing strategies for anti-HIV vaccination.
"Elite Controllers" of HIV is a group of individuals able to control viral replication keeping levels of viral RNA below 50 copies/mL for several years, without any kind of antiretroviral therapy. These individuals differ from other group already known as long-term non-progressors, by keeping an undetectable viral load and a stable number and CD4+ T lymphocytes. Some mechanisms involved in the control of HIV infection in these individuals remain to be elucidated, but several of factors linked to the host, such as innate immunity and cellular immunity seem to be closely related with the maintenance of undetectable viral load, and the count high CD4+ T lymphocytes. The role of HIV-specific polyfunctional cytotoxic T lymphocytes appears to be the key so that the immune system can be able to control the infection for several years. However, is the combination of several factors in vivo, such as the role of cellular immunity and host genetic factors, that is responsible for keeping undetectable viremia, even without antiretroviral therapy. Understanding the mechanisms involved in the control of HIV infection by Elite Controllers can add critical information for developing strategies for anti-HIV vaccination.
Description
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2014
Keywords
Elite Controllers Elite Supressors VIH SIDA Mestrado Integrado - 2014