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O contrato de trabalho em funções públicas
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A presente investigação tem por objectivo analisar o regime jurídico aplicável ao contrato de trabalho em funções públicas por tempo indeterminado e demonstrar que as opções legislativas constantes, desde a Reforma de 2008, contribuiram para o que poderá chamar-se de fim da privatização do regime da função pública, o fim da fuga para o direito privado, passando assim a ser adoptado um modelo de emprego público, próprio e específico da Administração Pública, consentâneo com a prossecução do interesse público que fundamenta a existência da própria Administração, o qual com a crise económico-financeira instalada na Europa ameaça abortar. Para tal, procedeu-se a uma análise histórica e comparada do trabalho subordinado nos países europeus com maiores afinidades com o nosso sistema jurídico, bem como a uma análise evolutiva da compreensão do conceito de função pública e do próprio conceito de contrato de trabalho no seio da Administração Pública em Portugal. Desta forma, centrou-se o objecto da investigação apenas no contrato de trabalho em funções públicas por tempo indeterminado, não aprofundando o regime aplicável ao contrato de trabalho a termo, nem analisando quer as vertentes da Administração local e regional, quer os regimes especiais, tais como o regime aplicável ao pessoal dirigente e às carreiras especiais. Porém, face ao processo evolutivo da reforma da Administração Pública, a par da adopção e implementação do Programa de Ajustamento Económico e Financeiro, e da indissociável Reforma do Estado, cumpre salientar que durante as fases de pesquisa e consequente materialização da presente investigação, verificaram-se constrangimentos vários resultantes da constante mutação legislativa, da compatibilização entre os várias diplomas legais e do tratamento híbrido dado nos últimos anos à matéria do trabalho da Administração Pública, umas vezes no âmbito do direito do trabalho, e outras vezes no âmbito do direito administrativo. Com efeito, as constantes alterações legislativas que o sector da Administração Pública foi sofrendo nos últimos anos, dificultou a presente investigação, uma vez que muitas vezes o “hoje” se tornou rapidamente num “ontem”. Com a presente investigação concluiu-se que, não obstante a consciente aproximação ao regime jus-laboral do sector privado em algumas matérias, os trabalhadores com contrato de trabalho em funções públicas têm um estatuto de cariz administrativo, que decorre da natureza dos princípios a que estão especialmente sujeitos.
This research aims to examine the applicable legal regime to the non fixed-term employment contract in public functions and demonstrate that the constant legislative options, since the Reformation, 2008, contributed to what may be called the end of the civil service regime privatization, the end of the migration to the private law, thus becoming adopted a model of public employment, original and specific for Public Administration, consistent with the public interest that underlies the very existence of the Administration, which with the economic and financial crisis in Europe threatens to abort. To do this, we proceeded through the analysis of the historical and comparative subordinate work in European countries with higher affinities with our legal system, as well as through the analysis of the evolutionary understanding of the concept of public service and the concept of employment contract within Public Administration in Portugal. Under these circumstances, the subject of the investigation was focused on only in the non fixed-term employment contract in public functions, not deepening on the regime applicable to the fixed-term contract employment, neither analyzing both strands of local government and regional or special arrangements, such as the rules for the management staff and the special careers. However, due to the evolutionary process of the public administration reform, alongside the adoption and implementation of the Programme of Economic and Financial Adjustment, and the indissociable State Reform, it should be noted that during the distinct stages and consequent achievement of this research, there were several constraints resulting from several legislative changing and hybrid treatment given in recent years to the field of work of public administration, sometimes under the labor law, and other times under administrative law. Indeed, the constant legislative changes that the Public Administration sector has undergone in recent years hampered the present investigation, since many times "today" has quickly become a "yesterday". In this research it was concluded that, despite the conscious approach to jus-labor regime of private sector workers with an employment contract in public functions have a status-oriented administration, consistent with its primary objective of the public interest, which arises from the nature of the principles that are especially subject.
This research aims to examine the applicable legal regime to the non fixed-term employment contract in public functions and demonstrate that the constant legislative options, since the Reformation, 2008, contributed to what may be called the end of the civil service regime privatization, the end of the migration to the private law, thus becoming adopted a model of public employment, original and specific for Public Administration, consistent with the public interest that underlies the very existence of the Administration, which with the economic and financial crisis in Europe threatens to abort. To do this, we proceeded through the analysis of the historical and comparative subordinate work in European countries with higher affinities with our legal system, as well as through the analysis of the evolutionary understanding of the concept of public service and the concept of employment contract within Public Administration in Portugal. Under these circumstances, the subject of the investigation was focused on only in the non fixed-term employment contract in public functions, not deepening on the regime applicable to the fixed-term contract employment, neither analyzing both strands of local government and regional or special arrangements, such as the rules for the management staff and the special careers. However, due to the evolutionary process of the public administration reform, alongside the adoption and implementation of the Programme of Economic and Financial Adjustment, and the indissociable State Reform, it should be noted that during the distinct stages and consequent achievement of this research, there were several constraints resulting from several legislative changing and hybrid treatment given in recent years to the field of work of public administration, sometimes under the labor law, and other times under administrative law. Indeed, the constant legislative changes that the Public Administration sector has undergone in recent years hampered the present investigation, since many times "today" has quickly become a "yesterday". In this research it was concluded that, despite the conscious approach to jus-labor regime of private sector workers with an employment contract in public functions have a status-oriented administration, consistent with its primary objective of the public interest, which arises from the nature of the principles that are especially subject.
Descrição
Tese de doutoramento, Direito (Ciências Jurídicas), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Direito, 2016
Palavras-chave
Teses de doutoramento - 2016