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Abstract(s)
Este estudo tem como propósito analisar a Companhia da Pescaria das Baleias nas Costas do Brasil, uma sociedade formada no mesmo contexto histórico em que surgiram as designadas “companhias pombalinas”, a qual exerceu o monopólio do contrato referente a atividade baleeira na América portuguesa no período compreendido entre 1765 e 1801. A sua administração recaiu inicialmente nas mãos de Inácio Pedro Quintela, cabendo mais tarde ao seu sobrinho Joaquim Pedro, ambos negociantes oriundos de uma eminente família da elite mercantil lisboeta da segunda metade do século XVIII. Por meio do exame de uma ampla documentação preservada no acervo dos principais arquivos portugueses, conseguimos compor um retrato interessante deste peculiar empreendimento, que até o momento se conservava esquecido pela historiografia das duas margens do Atlântico. Estas fontes nos possibilitaram abordar aspetos relevantes, tais como: as condições do contrato que se tornaram mais difíceis de executar por qualquer uma das partes envolvidas; a intriga para a introdução da pesca do Cachalote; a verdadeira distribuição da quota-parte de interesse relativa a cada um dos sócios participantes; a produção e o respetivo mercado dos géneros extraídos das baleias, nomeadamente o azeite e as barbas; assim como o quotidiano das armações, inclusive nos possibilitando estabelecer a proporção entre os trabalhadores livres e cativos. Da análise destes manuscritos emerge ainda a figura de João Marcos Vieira, um indivíduo nascido no Reino, mas que dedicou praticamente cinquenta anos da sua vida à pesca das baleias no litoral americano, atuando inicialmente como administrador de algumas feitorias baleeiras, e depois conseguiu alcançar no decurso da sua trajetória pessoal, o posto de Capitão-mor de Ordenanças da Ilha de Santa Catarina juntamente com o cargo de Administrador-geral do contrato na cidade fluminense.
Abstract: This study have the purpose to analyze the Companhia da Pescaria das Baleias nas Costas do Brasil, a society formed in the same historical context in which they arose so-called "Pombal companies", which held the monopoly contract for whaling in Portuguese America in the period between 1765 and 1801. Its administration was originally placed in the hands of Inácio Pedro Quintela, leaving later to his nephew Joaquim Pedro, both merchants coming from an eminent family of Lisbon's mercantile elite of the second half of the eighteenth century. By examining the extensive documentation preserved in the collection of the main Portuguese archives, we can compose an interesting portrait of this unique project, which until now was kept overlooked by historiography on both sides of the Atlantic. These sources enabled us to address relevant aspects such as: the contract conditions that have become more difficult to perform by any of the parties involved; the intrigue to the introduction of fishing for Sperm Whale; the real distribution of the share of interest relating to each of the participating partners; the production and the respective market of genres extracted from whales, particularly his oil and baleen; as well as the daily lives of whaling factories, also allowing us to establish the ratio between the free and captive workers. The analysis of these manuscripts still emerges the figure of João Marcos Vieira, an individual born in the Kingdom, but who devoted almost fifty years of his life to whaling in the American coast, working initially as an administrator of some whaling factories, and then reaching during his personal trajectory, the position of Capitão-mor de Ordenanças of the Santa Catarina Island as the same time he was the Administrador-geral of the contract in Rio de Janeiro city.
Abstract: This study have the purpose to analyze the Companhia da Pescaria das Baleias nas Costas do Brasil, a society formed in the same historical context in which they arose so-called "Pombal companies", which held the monopoly contract for whaling in Portuguese America in the period between 1765 and 1801. Its administration was originally placed in the hands of Inácio Pedro Quintela, leaving later to his nephew Joaquim Pedro, both merchants coming from an eminent family of Lisbon's mercantile elite of the second half of the eighteenth century. By examining the extensive documentation preserved in the collection of the main Portuguese archives, we can compose an interesting portrait of this unique project, which until now was kept overlooked by historiography on both sides of the Atlantic. These sources enabled us to address relevant aspects such as: the contract conditions that have become more difficult to perform by any of the parties involved; the intrigue to the introduction of fishing for Sperm Whale; the real distribution of the share of interest relating to each of the participating partners; the production and the respective market of genres extracted from whales, particularly his oil and baleen; as well as the daily lives of whaling factories, also allowing us to establish the ratio between the free and captive workers. The analysis of these manuscripts still emerges the figure of João Marcos Vieira, an individual born in the Kingdom, but who devoted almost fifty years of his life to whaling in the American coast, working initially as an administrator of some whaling factories, and then reaching during his personal trajectory, the position of Capitão-mor de Ordenanças of the Santa Catarina Island as the same time he was the Administrador-geral of the contract in Rio de Janeiro city.
Description
Keywords
Companhia da Pescaria das Baleias(Brasil) - História Baleias - Caça - Brasil - séc.18 Portugal - Colónias - Comércio - História Teses de mestrado - 2016