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Os poderes de pronúncia jurisdicionais (e seus limites) na acção administrativa de condenação à prática de acto devido
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Com o presente trabalho pretendemos tratar um aliciante tema de fronteira: os poderes de que gozam os tribunais administrativos na acção de condenação à prática de acto devido.
Este tema apresenta-se como um tema de fronteira porque lida de perto com limites impostos às pronúncias condenatórias administrativas e que se prendem, essencialmente, com a margem de livre decisão pertencente à Administração Pública, que se demonstra como um importante limite funcional imposto aos tribunais administrativos.
É sobretudo este espaço fronteiriço que pretendemos percorrer descritivamente e problematizar de forma crítica, tentando encontrar possíveis soluções para entraves que se afigurem como existentes e prevalecentes aos poderes cognitivos do juiz conforme estipulados na lei processual, que tal o são de uma forma característica e tendencialmente ampla.
A margem de livre decisão administrativa afigurar-se-á, então, como um importante contraponto aos amplos poderes de cognição jurisdicionais que a reforma administrativa de 2002/2004 veio conferir aos tribunais. Também esta reforma será alvo da nossa atenção, ou não fosse a sua existência significativa e absolutamente determinante na formulação de toda a problemática que pretendemos abranger, marcando uma ruptura com a anterior lógica anulatória e limitadora prevalecente em sede de jurisdição administrativa.
Como preceito central de todo o nosso trabalho, temos o artigo 71.º, do Código de Processo nos Tribunais Administrativos, expresso nos seus n.º 1, e n.º2. Vai ser este o artigo que dita quais são em concreto os poderes de pronúncia dos tribunais, assim como o seu alcance e limites, pelo que lhe faremos referência de forma constante e ininterrupta, não só do ponto de vista da sua previsão legal e estudo doutrinário como, também, auxiliando-nos daquela que tem sido a tendência jurisprudencial que reflecte de perto a actuação dos juízes no uso dos poderes condenatórios que agora lhe são conferidos.
The following study concerns the analysis that pertains to the extent of the judicial powers attributed to Portugal’s separate system of administrative courts (the administrative jurisdiction) when referring to the Portuguese administrative procedure of resolving administrative disputes, and taking into consideration its recent (year 2002/2004) reform. Relating to these judicial powers, we will focus on the court’s prerogative to sentence public law authorities, determining whether or not certain official acts of authority to resolve and claimed in an individual case, should be/should have been put in effect by the public authority administrative units, in accordance with the rule of law that grants effective judicial protection for those whose rights or legitimate interests may be, or may have been offended by these units. In order to determine if there’s an act that may give way to a court injunction towards the public authorities and, therefore, must be acted on, the court must establish what sort of citizen’s rights and obligations are called into consideration. Moreover, judicial powers are subject to certain limited constraints. We will try to take a close look at these aforementioned constraints, paying close attention to public law authorities’ discretionary powers, in particular. The judicial limits on control of administrative discretion poses as a very important limit as far as broad(er) court judicial powers are concerned. It is safe to say that it is, in fact, the most significant limit opposed to broader judicial powers in general, and to powers of reviewing the public administration’s acting, in particular. We will take this into account throughout our study, trying to find patterns in the way Portuguese administrative courts deal with this same issue, while trying to relate court decisions with the Portuguese Administrative Code of Procedure, which has given away to many studies on this topic of administrative discretionary powers versus the courts’ decision-making power.
The following study concerns the analysis that pertains to the extent of the judicial powers attributed to Portugal’s separate system of administrative courts (the administrative jurisdiction) when referring to the Portuguese administrative procedure of resolving administrative disputes, and taking into consideration its recent (year 2002/2004) reform. Relating to these judicial powers, we will focus on the court’s prerogative to sentence public law authorities, determining whether or not certain official acts of authority to resolve and claimed in an individual case, should be/should have been put in effect by the public authority administrative units, in accordance with the rule of law that grants effective judicial protection for those whose rights or legitimate interests may be, or may have been offended by these units. In order to determine if there’s an act that may give way to a court injunction towards the public authorities and, therefore, must be acted on, the court must establish what sort of citizen’s rights and obligations are called into consideration. Moreover, judicial powers are subject to certain limited constraints. We will try to take a close look at these aforementioned constraints, paying close attention to public law authorities’ discretionary powers, in particular. The judicial limits on control of administrative discretion poses as a very important limit as far as broad(er) court judicial powers are concerned. It is safe to say that it is, in fact, the most significant limit opposed to broader judicial powers in general, and to powers of reviewing the public administration’s acting, in particular. We will take this into account throughout our study, trying to find patterns in the way Portuguese administrative courts deal with this same issue, while trying to relate court decisions with the Portuguese Administrative Code of Procedure, which has given away to many studies on this topic of administrative discretionary powers versus the courts’ decision-making power.
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Direito administrativo Tribunal administrativo Função jurisdicional Função administrativa Discricionariedade Teses de mestrado - 2015