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O ónus da prova na responsabilidade civil médica
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Assiste-se a um aumento significativo do número de acções de responsabilidade civil médica intentadas nos nossos tribunais, o que lhe tem conferido uma crescente relevância actual. Não obstante o aumento significativo das demandas judiciais sobre a responsabilidade civil médica, poucas são as acções cujo desfecho é favorável ao doente. Razões justificativas encontramo-las, por um lado, na assimetria relacional existente entre o doente e, por outro lado, na dificuldade de que se reveste o cumprimento do ónus da prova processualmente exigida ao mesmo.
Por isso, torna-se valiosa a reflexão acerca da responsabilidade civil médica, e da questão do ónus da prova nesta matéria. Atentámos à distribuição do ónus da prova e à aplicabilidade ou inaplicabilidade da presunção legal de culpa em sede contratual. Para o efeito analisámos as múltiplas correntes doutrinárias e jurisprudenciais que se debruçaram sobre tal questão, bem como a alguns casos concretos.
Examinámos ainda os mecanismos alternativos doutrinários e jurisprudenciais criados para aligeirar a difícil tarefa probatória que incumbe ao doente, de forma a encontrar uma solução justa e eficiente a ser adoptada pelos nossos tribunais, aquando da apreciação das acções de responsabilidade civil médica.
We have been witnessing a significant increase in the number of medical liability actions brought to our courts. Despite this significant growth, few lawsuits have had a favourable outcome for the patient. Reasons for this are firstly due to the disparity existing between the parties and secondly, the fact that the burden of proof lies with the patient. This dissertation has the purpose of reflecting on medical liability and on the burden of proof in legal processes. An analysis was performed in order to understand who should bear the burden of proof and whether the presumption of guilt should be applied. For this reason multiple legal theories and court rulings were analysed. Finally, we also researched some alternative theories that were created so as to facilitate the burden of proof which is the patient’s responsibility, in pursuit of a solution which could be accepted by our courts when assessing medical liability lawsuits.
We have been witnessing a significant increase in the number of medical liability actions brought to our courts. Despite this significant growth, few lawsuits have had a favourable outcome for the patient. Reasons for this are firstly due to the disparity existing between the parties and secondly, the fact that the burden of proof lies with the patient. This dissertation has the purpose of reflecting on medical liability and on the burden of proof in legal processes. An analysis was performed in order to understand who should bear the burden of proof and whether the presumption of guilt should be applied. For this reason multiple legal theories and court rulings were analysed. Finally, we also researched some alternative theories that were created so as to facilitate the burden of proof which is the patient’s responsibility, in pursuit of a solution which could be accepted by our courts when assessing medical liability lawsuits.
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Responsabilidade civil Responsabilidade civil médica Ónus da prova Presunções legais Culpa Teses de mestrado - 2015