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Restrições aos direitos fundamentais durante a pandemia de COVID-19 : em especial o direito de deslocação : jurisprudência portuguesa
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A defesa dos direitos fundamentais, num Estado de Direito, é o pilar fundamental para manutenção da Democracia. Assim o sustenta a Constituição da República Portuguesa e o garante o Tribunal Constitucional. Todavia, o que parece ser claro numa situação de normalidade constitucional não significa que o seja em estados de sítio ou de emergência. O período pandémico gerado pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2, com início em 2020, foi o horizonte temporal de base para a investigação acerca da atuação do Estado português em situações de exceção constitucional, na tentativa de reposição da normalidade constitucional, o mais rápido possível e com o menor sacrifício imposto aos cidadãos. Neste período, assistimos a restrições aos direitos fundamentais, nomeadamente ao direito de deslocação, em prol da defesa do direito à saúde e à vida. A atuação do Governo e da Administração, em defesa do interesse público e reposição da normalidade constitucional, levantou algumas questões de inconstitucionalidade a nível material e de competência junto da Doutrina portuguesa, entendimento que não foi acompanhado pela jurisprudência. A referência à atuação de outros países levou-nos a concluir que existiu, em certas situações, um modus operandi comum.
The defence of fundamental rights, in a Rule of Law, is the fundamental pillar for maintaining Democracy. This is supported by the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic, and the Constitutional Court guarantees it. However, what appears to be clear in a situation of constitutional normality does not mean that it is clear in states of siege or emergency. The pandemic period caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, starting in 2020, was the basic time horizon for research into the actions of the Portuguese State in situations of constitutional exception, in an attempt to restore constitutional normality, as quickly as possible and with the least sacrifice imposed on citizens. During this period, we have seen restrictions on fundamental rights, particularly the right to travel, in favour of defending the right to health and life. The actions of the Government and the Administration, in defence of the public interest and restoration of constitutional normality, raised some questions of unconstitutionality at a material level and competence in the Portuguese Doctrine, an understanding that was not followed by the jurisprudence. The reference to the actions of other countries led us to conclude that there was, in certain situations, a common modus operandi.
The defence of fundamental rights, in a Rule of Law, is the fundamental pillar for maintaining Democracy. This is supported by the Constitution of the Portuguese Republic, and the Constitutional Court guarantees it. However, what appears to be clear in a situation of constitutional normality does not mean that it is clear in states of siege or emergency. The pandemic period caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, starting in 2020, was the basic time horizon for research into the actions of the Portuguese State in situations of constitutional exception, in an attempt to restore constitutional normality, as quickly as possible and with the least sacrifice imposed on citizens. During this period, we have seen restrictions on fundamental rights, particularly the right to travel, in favour of defending the right to health and life. The actions of the Government and the Administration, in defence of the public interest and restoration of constitutional normality, raised some questions of unconstitutionality at a material level and competence in the Portuguese Doctrine, an understanding that was not followed by the jurisprudence. The reference to the actions of other countries led us to conclude that there was, in certain situations, a common modus operandi.
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Direitos fundamentais Restrições Covid-19 Regras de deslocação Estado de emergência Teses de mestrado - 2025 Fundamental rights Restrictions Covid-19 Right to travel Emergency state