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Da situação pandêmica e seus efeitos contratuais : as implicações em decorrência do SARS-CoV-2, denominado de covid-19, um estudo comparativo entre Brasil e Portugal
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O estudo é uma análise normativa, doutrinal e jurisprudencial dos aspectos jurídicos sobre os reflexos da pandemia advinda pelo SARS-CoV-2 (covid-19) nos contratos de longa duração celebrados em Portugal e no Brasil antes de março de 2020. A ocorrência da pandemia é considerada como um evento anormal de grandes proporções, caso fortuito ou força maior e imprevisível, ocasionando a alteração das circunstâncias, um agente perturbador no cumprimento das prestações sucessivas, podendo levar à onerosidade excessiva para uma das partes, resultando no desequilíbrio entre essas partes, ensejando a alteração ou até a resolução contratual. Essas alterações dependem de um exame do caso concreto, pois cada contrato tem suas especificidades e, por esse motivo, não é possível generalizar os reflexos provocados pela pandemia, uma vez que se tratam de longa duração e, em muitos deles, há cláusula de hardship, (prevendo as dificuldades, as ações para a imprevisibilidade, caso fortuito ou força maior). Quando não está clausulado e em não havendo acordo entre as partes, somente com a chancela do poder judiciário poderá haver mudanças no negócio jurídico, em nome da segurança jurídica, seja para a adequação e reequilíbrio das prestações, seja, em última instância, sua resolução. O mais importante é a preservação do contrato, assegurando o seu aspecto socioeconômico e a garantia do desempenho da função social, cabendo, ao poder público, o dever de preservar a dignidade da pessoa humana, a paz social e a harmonia entre os homens, abalada pela catástrofe sem precedentes, só comparada com as grandes guerras mundiais.
The study is a normative, doctrinal and jurisprudential analysis of the legal aspects on the consequences of the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 (covid-19) on long-term contracts signed in Portugal and Brazil before March 2020. The occurrence of Pandemic is considered as an abnormal event of major proportions, fortuitous event or force majeure and unpredictable, causing a change in circumstances, a disruptive agent in the fulfillment of successive payments, which may lead to excessive onerousness for one of the parties, resulting in an imbalance between these parties, leading to changes or even contractual resolution. These changes depend on an examination of the specific case, as each contract has its specificities and, for this reason, it is not possible to generalize the consequences caused by the pandemic, since they are long-term and in many of them there is a hardship clause, (anticipating difficulties, actions for unpredictability, unforeseeable circumstances or force majeure). When it is not claused and there is no agreement between the parties, only with the approval of the judiciary can there be changes in the legal transaction, in the name of legal certainty, whether for the adequacy and rebalancing of the benefits or, ultimately, its resolution. The most important thing is the preservation of the contract, ensuring its socioeconomic aspect and guaranteeing the performance of the social function, with the public authorities having the duty to preserve the dignity of the human person, social peace and harmony between men, shaken by the catastrophe unprecedented, only compared to the great world wars.
The study is a normative, doctrinal and jurisprudential analysis of the legal aspects on the consequences of the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 (covid-19) on long-term contracts signed in Portugal and Brazil before March 2020. The occurrence of Pandemic is considered as an abnormal event of major proportions, fortuitous event or force majeure and unpredictable, causing a change in circumstances, a disruptive agent in the fulfillment of successive payments, which may lead to excessive onerousness for one of the parties, resulting in an imbalance between these parties, leading to changes or even contractual resolution. These changes depend on an examination of the specific case, as each contract has its specificities and, for this reason, it is not possible to generalize the consequences caused by the pandemic, since they are long-term and in many of them there is a hardship clause, (anticipating difficulties, actions for unpredictability, unforeseeable circumstances or force majeure). When it is not claused and there is no agreement between the parties, only with the approval of the judiciary can there be changes in the legal transaction, in the name of legal certainty, whether for the adequacy and rebalancing of the benefits or, ultimately, its resolution. The most important thing is the preservation of the contract, ensuring its socioeconomic aspect and guaranteeing the performance of the social function, with the public authorities having the duty to preserve the dignity of the human person, social peace and harmony between men, shaken by the catastrophe unprecedented, only compared to the great world wars.
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Pandemia Covid-19 Contratos Boa-fé Dignidade da pessoa humana Teses de mestrado - 2025 Covid-19 pandemic Long-term contracts Good faith Dignity of the human being