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A pena de trabalhos forçados : uma história comparada do direito entre a França e Portugal (1748-1884)
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Nesta dissertação há a análise da pena de trabalhos forçados entre a França e Portugal, no período de 1748 até 1884. O primeiro marco se refere à criação do bagne na França, enquanto o segundo foi a abolição definitiva da pena de trabalhos forçados em Portugal. Para isso, a dissertação faz uma história comparada do direito entre esses dois países, de forma a se verificar as semelhanças e rupturas nessa pena. Aborda também os regulamentos e os códigos sobre o tema. Na França, tendo como partida a Ordenação Criminal de 1670 e como fim o Código Penal de 1810, além dos decretos sobre a matéria, uma vez que o banho penal só foi encerrado em 1953. Em Portugal, desde o decreto da comutação de 1801 e as Ordenações Filipinas até a Reforma Penal de 1884. Após esse panorama, é tratada a literatura jurídica e a sua percepção sobre a pena de trabalhos forçados, com comentários críticos e favoráveis a essa pena. Com isso, é possível compreender como era aplicada, as suas modalidades, assim como as finalidades e a maneira de se utilizar mão de obra forçada para trabalhos de utilidade pública. Abordar essa modalidade de pena é um assunto complexo, mas propõe-se como reflexão as formas com que impactou a sociedade e como a sua continuação, a prisão com trabalho, ainda fomenta debates nos dias atuais, sobretudo, se o trabalho realmente recupera ou não os presos.
This dissertation analyzes the penalty of forced labor between France and Portugal, from 1748 to 1884. The first landmark refers to the creation of the bagne in France, while the second was the definitive abolition of the penalty of forced labor in Portugal. To this end, the dissertation makes a comparative legal history between these two countries, in order to verify the similarities and ruptures in this penalty. It also looks at the regulations and codes on the subject. In France, it starts with the Criminal Ordinance of 1670 and ends with the Penal Code of 1810, as well as decrees on the subject, since the bagne was only closed in 1953. In Portugal, from the commutation decree of 1801 and the Philippine Ordinances to the Penal Reform of 1884. After this overview, the legal literature and its perception of the penalty of forced labor is addressed, with critical and favorable comments on this penalty. With this, it is possible to understand how it was applied, its modalities, as well as the purposes and ways of using forced labor for public utility work. Addressing this type of penalty is a complex subject, but it is proposed as a reflection on the ways in which it impacted society and how its continuation, imprisonment with labor, still fosters debate today, especially whether or not labor really recovers prisoners.
This dissertation analyzes the penalty of forced labor between France and Portugal, from 1748 to 1884. The first landmark refers to the creation of the bagne in France, while the second was the definitive abolition of the penalty of forced labor in Portugal. To this end, the dissertation makes a comparative legal history between these two countries, in order to verify the similarities and ruptures in this penalty. It also looks at the regulations and codes on the subject. In France, it starts with the Criminal Ordinance of 1670 and ends with the Penal Code of 1810, as well as decrees on the subject, since the bagne was only closed in 1953. In Portugal, from the commutation decree of 1801 and the Philippine Ordinances to the Penal Reform of 1884. After this overview, the legal literature and its perception of the penalty of forced labor is addressed, with critical and favorable comments on this penalty. With this, it is possible to understand how it was applied, its modalities, as well as the purposes and ways of using forced labor for public utility work. Addressing this type of penalty is a complex subject, but it is proposed as a reflection on the ways in which it impacted society and how its continuation, imprisonment with labor, still fosters debate today, especially whether or not labor really recovers prisoners.
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Direito penal Pena Trabalho forçado Direito comparado Porrtugal França Teses de mestrado - 2024 Criminal law Sentence Comparative law Portugal France