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Agressões sexuais sofridas por estudantes universitárias – Preditores psicossociais individuais e contextuais da "aceitação" de experiências sexuais não desejadas
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Apesar da flexibilização das normas de género nas sociedades ocidentais que sugere
uma maior igualdade na avaliação do comportamento sexual, continua a existir uma
pressão diferente para cada género que não compromete apenas a expressão da sexualidade
por parte das mulheres, mas também a violência sexual que sobre elas é exercida. Este
estudo investigou a prevalência e dinâmicas da agressão sexual em estudantes universitárias
em Portugal (N = 165). Através de um questionário de autorrelato foram recolhidas
informações online relativas a agressões sexuais sofridas e sua perceção. Os dados foram
analisados com recurso a análises descritivas e regressões lineares múltiplas, através do
SPSS e o modelo proposto foi analisado através de equações estruturais recorrendo ao
AMOS.
Encontrou-se que várias formas de agressão sexual eram comuns, incluindo a
atenção e os toques de cariz sexual indesejados, a coação sexual e o abuso sexual. As
vítimas reagiram de várias maneiras, desde a recusa verbal até à aceitação da experiência
sexual indesejada, especialmente em casos de coação, stealthing e tentativa de violação. As
razões para “aceitar” experiências sexuais indesejadas variaram, mas muitas vítimas
mencionaram sentimentos de obrigação, pressão verbal e física, e culpa. Aquando da
exposição a diferentes cenários, nos quais as vítimas consideraram o quão disponíveis
estariam para “aceitar” experiências sexuais não desejadas, a maioria não estava disposta a
fazê-lo.
No modelo de predição estudado com base na Teoria do Comportamento Planeado e
no Modelo da Disponibilidade e Protótipo, as atitudes e as normas subjetivas
desempenharam um papel importante na disponibilidade das vítimas para “aceitar” ou
rejeitar experiências sexuais não desejadas e, por sua vez, a disponibilidade influenciou o
comportamento de “aceitação”. A perceção de controlo sobre a situação não afetou o
comportamento, sendo que muitas participantes não sabiam se teriam ou não controlo para
terminar a experiência sexual não desejada.
Em conclusão, este estudo destaca a complexidade das experiências de agressão
sexual entre estudantes universitárias em Portugal e a necessidade de estratégias de
prevenção abrangentes e sistemas de apoio para garantir a segurança e o bem-estar dessas
estudantes.
Despite the relaxation of gender norms in Western societies, suggesting greater equality in the assessment of sexual behavior, there continues to be a distinct pressure on each gender that not only compromises women’s expression of their sexuality but also the sexual violence inflicted upon them. This study investigated the prevalence and dynamics of sexual assault among female university students in Portugal. The present research included 165 female university student participants, with responses obtained through an online questionnaire. Through a self-report questionnaire, online information about experienced sexual assaults and their perception was collected. The data were analyzed using descriptive analyses and multiple linear regressions in SPSS, and the proposed model was examined through structural equations using AMOS. It was found that various forms of sexual assault are common, including unwanted sexual attention, unwanted sexual touching, sexual coercion, and sexual abuse. Victims responded in various ways, ranging from verbal refusal to acceptance of unwanted sexual experiences, especially in cases of coercion, stealthing, and attempted rape. Reasons for accepting unwanted sexual experiences varied, but many victims mentioned feelings of obligation, verbal and physical pressure, and guilt. When exposed to different scenarios in which victims considered their willingness to “accept” unwanted sexual experiences, most were not willing to do so. In the predictive model studied based on the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Availability and Prototype Model, attitudes and subjective norms played an important role in victims’ willingness to “accept” or reject unwanted sexual experiences, and in turn, willingness influenced the “acceptance” behavior. The perception of control over the situation did not affect behavior, remaining uncertain for many participants whether they would have control to end the unwanted sexual experience. To sum up, this study highlights the complexity of sexual aggression experiences among female university students in Portugal and the need for comprehensive prevention strategies and support systems to ensure the safety and well-being of these students.
Despite the relaxation of gender norms in Western societies, suggesting greater equality in the assessment of sexual behavior, there continues to be a distinct pressure on each gender that not only compromises women’s expression of their sexuality but also the sexual violence inflicted upon them. This study investigated the prevalence and dynamics of sexual assault among female university students in Portugal. The present research included 165 female university student participants, with responses obtained through an online questionnaire. Through a self-report questionnaire, online information about experienced sexual assaults and their perception was collected. The data were analyzed using descriptive analyses and multiple linear regressions in SPSS, and the proposed model was examined through structural equations using AMOS. It was found that various forms of sexual assault are common, including unwanted sexual attention, unwanted sexual touching, sexual coercion, and sexual abuse. Victims responded in various ways, ranging from verbal refusal to acceptance of unwanted sexual experiences, especially in cases of coercion, stealthing, and attempted rape. Reasons for accepting unwanted sexual experiences varied, but many victims mentioned feelings of obligation, verbal and physical pressure, and guilt. When exposed to different scenarios in which victims considered their willingness to “accept” unwanted sexual experiences, most were not willing to do so. In the predictive model studied based on the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Availability and Prototype Model, attitudes and subjective norms played an important role in victims’ willingness to “accept” or reject unwanted sexual experiences, and in turn, willingness influenced the “acceptance” behavior. The perception of control over the situation did not affect behavior, remaining uncertain for many participants whether they would have control to end the unwanted sexual experience. To sum up, this study highlights the complexity of sexual aggression experiences among female university students in Portugal and the need for comprehensive prevention strategies and support systems to ensure the safety and well-being of these students.
Descrição
Dissertação de mestrado, Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde (Área de Especialização em Psicologia Clínica Cognitivo-Comportamental Integrativa), 2023, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia
Palavras-chave
Violência sexual Agressão Estudantes do ensino superior Mulheres Dissertações de mestrado - 2023