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Ecologismo radical em Portugal? A "Animal" e a "Quercus"
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
A presente investigação tem como tema de fundo uma ideologia que se afirmou
recentemente: o ecologismo radical (anos 60, 70). Será que existem organizações com esse perfil em
Portugal?
Fruto de um sentimento de crise generalizado, o ecologismo radical levanta a consciência
pública para os perigos que pode implicar o sistema económico dominante vigente. Os ecologistas
radicais defendem que o capitalismo desenfreado e o industrialismo são a causa da crise global que
vivemos hoje. Apresentam alternativas de pensamento e acção para inverter a situação. Defendem
que o domínio da natureza, antes de mais implica, o domínio do ser humano uma vez que este último
faz também parte da própria natureza. Recorrem a greves, lock-outs, manifestações, acções de
desobediência civil, libertam animais utilizados em experimentação, sabotam actividades que
prejudicam o ambiente, destroem propriedade privada, entre outros. A acção directa, na sua vertente
não-violenta, tornou-se um meio aceitável e visível para os ecologistas fazerem valer os seus ideais.
Os anarquistas também marcam presença neste movimento. A perspectiva ecológica,
compreendida na sua radicalidade, tal como a própria perspectiva anarquista, implica a abolição do
capitalismo, a possibilidade de uma sociedade mais humana, justa, igualitária, democrática e capaz
de estabelecer uma relação harmoniosa entre o ser humano e o meio ambiente.
O movimento ecologista radical promove a mudança e a transformação social e tem inúmeras
escolas de pensamento e muitos grupos de acção que vão desde os ecologistas profundos,
ecofeministas, ecologistas espirituais aos bio-regionalistas...que produzem debates acesos
resultando numa enorme variedade de aproximações que buscam por um mundo habitável. O
background teórico deste trabalho debruça-se resumidamente sobre esta questão (ver Parte I).
Na Parte II apresentarei o objecto de estudo (a organização ANIMAL e a Quercus) e a
metodologia utilizada para a recolha de dados. Foram aplicados inquéritos por questionário e
entrevistas com o objectivo de se traçar o perfil destas organizações.
Na Parte III são descritos os resultados e na Parte IV os resultados são discutidos em
articulação com o background teórico anteriormente exposto. A Parte V, expõe as considerações
finais.
The main theme of the present investigation is radical ecologism in Portugal. Are there any organizations with such profile? Result of a widespread sense of crisis, radical ecologism raises public awareness about the dangers that involve the current economic dominant system. According to radical ecologists, unbridled capitalism and industrialism are the cause of the global crisis which we live today. Radical ecologists introduce alternative lines of thought and action in order to reverse the present situation. These ecologists advocate that the domination of nature, first of all, implies the domination of humans and the latter are part of the former. This movement uses strikes, lock-outs, demonstrations, civil disobedience actions, releasing animals used in experimentation, sabotaging activities that harm the environment, destroying of private property and so on. Direct action, in its nonviolent form, became an acceptable and visible way for radical ecologists to promote ideals. Anarchists are also present in this movement. The ecological perspective, understood in its radical perspective, just as the anarchist perspective, implies the abolition of capitalism, the possibility of a more human, just, egalitarian and democratic society where a harmonious relationship is established between humans and the environment. The radical ecologist movement promotes social change and transformation and has numerous schools of thought and many action groups ranging from deep ecologists, ecofeminists, spiritual ecologists to bio-regionalists…which produce heated debates resulting in a great variety of approaches that search for a liveable world. Such theoretical background is described in Part I of this investigation. Part II of this work presents the study object (the organizations ANIMAL and Quercus) and the methodology used for data collection. Questionnaire surveys were administrated and interviews with the aim of drawing the profile of such the organizations were conducted. Part III describes the results and Part IV presents our findings in relation to the theoretical background previously described. In Part V the closing remarks can be found.
The main theme of the present investigation is radical ecologism in Portugal. Are there any organizations with such profile? Result of a widespread sense of crisis, radical ecologism raises public awareness about the dangers that involve the current economic dominant system. According to radical ecologists, unbridled capitalism and industrialism are the cause of the global crisis which we live today. Radical ecologists introduce alternative lines of thought and action in order to reverse the present situation. These ecologists advocate that the domination of nature, first of all, implies the domination of humans and the latter are part of the former. This movement uses strikes, lock-outs, demonstrations, civil disobedience actions, releasing animals used in experimentation, sabotaging activities that harm the environment, destroying of private property and so on. Direct action, in its nonviolent form, became an acceptable and visible way for radical ecologists to promote ideals. Anarchists are also present in this movement. The ecological perspective, understood in its radical perspective, just as the anarchist perspective, implies the abolition of capitalism, the possibility of a more human, just, egalitarian and democratic society where a harmonious relationship is established between humans and the environment. The radical ecologist movement promotes social change and transformation and has numerous schools of thought and many action groups ranging from deep ecologists, ecofeminists, spiritual ecologists to bio-regionalists…which produce heated debates resulting in a great variety of approaches that search for a liveable world. Such theoretical background is described in Part I of this investigation. Part II of this work presents the study object (the organizations ANIMAL and Quercus) and the methodology used for data collection. Questionnaire surveys were administrated and interviews with the aim of drawing the profile of such the organizations were conducted. Part III describes the results and Part IV presents our findings in relation to the theoretical background previously described. In Part V the closing remarks can be found.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciência Política
Palavras-chave
Ecologismo Radical Capitalismo Industrialismo Acção Directa Não-violência Anarquismo Radical Ecologism Capitalism Industrialism Direct Action Non-violence Anarchism
Contexto Educativo
Citação
PEREIRA, Sara Cristina Queijinho - Ecologismo radical em Portugal? A "Animal" e a "Quercus" [Em linha]. Lisboa: Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2011. Dissertação de Mestrado. [Consult. Dia Mês Ano] Disponível em www:<http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/3405>.
Editora
Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e políticas