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A recuperação de produtos económicos de atividade criminal: Instrumento de governance estratégica de promoção da segurança interna em Portugal
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Resumo(s)
A dissertação que aqui se apresenta pretende compreender como, em Portugal, se estrutura a recuperação de produtos económicos de atividade criminal, assumindo-se que a neutralização do objeto económico do crime é instrumento estratégico de promoção de segurança interna. Pretendemos assim responder à pergunta de investigação: de que forma Portugal estrutura a governance da sua estratégia de segurança interna para garantir eficácia na apreensão dos produtos económicos de atividades criminais, em especial através da ação do Gabinete de Recuperação de Ativos?
Os produtos económicos da atividade criminal, retirados da atividade económica legítima e/ou introduzidos ilegitimamente na esfera económica de uma sociedade, são elemento desestruturante dos diversos setores que a compõem, desregulando instituições, ameaçando o bem-estar social, e constituindo-se numa fonte de perturbação da segurança dos cidadãos. A segurança interna, de forma ampla, traduz o esforço de governação, exercido pelo Estado, para a implementação de um clima de paz social e tranquilidade pública, ou seja, para a manutenção de uma ordem social.
O Estado assume-se como o principal ator com capacidade de promover condições específicas para a implementação de objetivos de políticas públicas. Alicerçado num programa político e numa estratégia para a sua prossecução, cabe a tal ator definir os objetivos a atingir, assim como determinar a edificação dos meios e do modo de os utilizar para assegurar a sua concretização. Neste contexto, as políticas públicas surgem como ações específicas para a execução daquele programa político, no âmbito de aplicação da estratégia que lhe está subjacente.
Ao prosseguir os seus objetivos através de opções estratégicas claras e bem definidas, o Estado consegue melhorar a qualidade de vida da população, assim como promove o desenvolvimento económico e social e garante a segurança e a estabilidade do país. Tal ocorre com (boa) governance e a (boa) articulação entre as diversas instituições intervenientes na concretização da estratégia em causa.
Numa perspetiva em que a atividade criminal com componente económico-financeira é uma ameaça significativa do bem-estar social, o Estado Português, com a criação, de uma estrutura organizacional visando identificar, localizar e apreender produtos económicos de atividades criminais, procurou promover a segurança dos seus cidadãos.
Assumindo-se como importante meio de governance estratégica a neutralização do objeto económico do crime, ataca diretamente a motivação financeira dos criminosos, ajuda a desmantelar organizações criminosas e desencoraja a prática de novos crimes
A criação do Gabinete de Recuperação de Ativos (GRA) permitiu, de forma inovadora, a realização, em paralelo, de investigações criminais e investigações patrimoniais e / ou financeiras, valorizar a cooperação internacional, especialmente a nível da identificação e recuperação de produtos económicos de atividades criminais. O GRA tornou-se um importante instrumento de governance estratégica de promoção da segurança interna.
The dissertation presented here aims to understand how, in Portugal, the recovery of economic products from criminal activity is structured, assuming that the neutralization of the economic object of crime is a strategic instrument for promoting internal security. We thus intend to answer the research question: how does Portugal structure the governance of its internal security strategy to ensure effectiveness in the seizure of economic products from criminal activities, in particular through the action of the Asset Recovery Office? The economic products of criminal activity, removed from legitimate economic activity and/or illegitimately introduced into the economic sphere of a society, are a disruptive element in the various sectors that comprise it, deregulating institutions, threatening social well-being, and constituting a source of disturbing the security of citizens. Internal security, broadly speaking, reflects the governance effort exercised by the State to implement a climate of social peace and public tranquillity, that is, to maintain social order. State is the main actor with the capacity to promote specific conditions for the implementation of public policy objectives. Based on a relationship of hierarchical determination of politics regarding strategy, it is up to politics to define the objectives and determine the construction, rules and use of the means to achieve them. Strategy defines how to materialize them. By pursuing its objectives through clear and well-defined strategic options, the State is able to improve the population's quality of life, as well as promoting economic and social development and guaranteeing the country's security and stability. This occurs with the (good) articulation and governance between the various institutions, standards, procedures, people and relationships that direct, position and assign responsibility for the activity of an organization and the aim of its purpose. From a perspective in which criminal activity with an economic-financial component is a significant threat to social well-being, the Portuguese State, with the creation of an organizational structure with the aim of identifying, locating, and seizing economic products from criminal activities, sought to promote the security of its citizens. Assuming itself as an important means of strategic governance, the neutralization of the economic object of crime directly attacks the financial motivation of criminals, helps to dismantle criminal organizations, and discourages the practice of new crimes. The creation of the Asset Recovery Office (ARO) allowed, in an innovative way, the carrying out, in parallel, of criminal investigations and property and/or financial investigations, valuing international cooperation, especially in terms of identifying and recovering economic products from criminal activities. ARO has become an important strategic governance instrument to promote internal security.
The dissertation presented here aims to understand how, in Portugal, the recovery of economic products from criminal activity is structured, assuming that the neutralization of the economic object of crime is a strategic instrument for promoting internal security. We thus intend to answer the research question: how does Portugal structure the governance of its internal security strategy to ensure effectiveness in the seizure of economic products from criminal activities, in particular through the action of the Asset Recovery Office? The economic products of criminal activity, removed from legitimate economic activity and/or illegitimately introduced into the economic sphere of a society, are a disruptive element in the various sectors that comprise it, deregulating institutions, threatening social well-being, and constituting a source of disturbing the security of citizens. Internal security, broadly speaking, reflects the governance effort exercised by the State to implement a climate of social peace and public tranquillity, that is, to maintain social order. State is the main actor with the capacity to promote specific conditions for the implementation of public policy objectives. Based on a relationship of hierarchical determination of politics regarding strategy, it is up to politics to define the objectives and determine the construction, rules and use of the means to achieve them. Strategy defines how to materialize them. By pursuing its objectives through clear and well-defined strategic options, the State is able to improve the population's quality of life, as well as promoting economic and social development and guaranteeing the country's security and stability. This occurs with the (good) articulation and governance between the various institutions, standards, procedures, people and relationships that direct, position and assign responsibility for the activity of an organization and the aim of its purpose. From a perspective in which criminal activity with an economic-financial component is a significant threat to social well-being, the Portuguese State, with the creation of an organizational structure with the aim of identifying, locating, and seizing economic products from criminal activities, sought to promote the security of its citizens. Assuming itself as an important means of strategic governance, the neutralization of the economic object of crime directly attacks the financial motivation of criminals, helps to dismantle criminal organizations, and discourages the practice of new crimes. The creation of the Asset Recovery Office (ARO) allowed, in an innovative way, the carrying out, in parallel, of criminal investigations and property and/or financial investigations, valuing international cooperation, especially in terms of identifying and recovering economic products from criminal activities. ARO has become an important strategic governance instrument to promote internal security.
Descrição
Dissertação para obtenção de grau de Mestre em Estratégia
Palavras-chave
Governance; Estratégia; Segurança Interna; Neutralização Crime; Recuperação Produtos Económicos; GRA; Governance; Strategy; Internal Security; Crime Neutralization; Economic Product Recovery; ARO.