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O escândalo político como notícia: a cobertura da série de reportagens Vaza Jato nos portais Folha de S. Paulo e Gazeta do Povo
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Os escândalos políticos são elementos frequentes do jornalismo político no Brasil e no mundo. Mas nem todo escândalo político é apresentado pelos veículos da mesma forma e, a depender do veículo, pode apresentar diferenças significativas em relação aos valores-notícia, agendamento, framing e narrativas apresentados. Com base nisso, esse estudo visa responder à pergunta de partida: como os portais Folha de S. Paulo e Gazeta do Povo cobriram a série de reportagens Vaza Jato?
Para esse estudo foi utilizado o método misto, do tipo explanatório sequencial. As análises de conteúdo serviram para tratar os valores-notícia, os framings e os componentes presentes nas narrativas construídas por ambos os veículos na cobertura da série de reportagens Vaza Jato entre os dias 9 de junho e 9 de setembro de 2019, período que marca os três primeiros meses da série que revelou escândalos envolvendo o ministro da Justiça da época, Sergio Moro e os procuradores integrantes da Operação Lava Jato. Ao todo, foram analisadas 828 peças jornalísticas, sendo 530 da Folha de S. Paulo e 298
da Gazeta do Povo ao longo do período determinado. Além disso, como técnicas qualitativas, foram utilizadas a análise narrativa e a análise de discurso em relação às peças jornalísticas e aos editoriais e a entrevista semiestruturada em profundidade realizada com os diretores de redação da Folha de S. Paulo e da Gazeta do Povo.
Através das técnicas de análise, foi possível identificar como a Gazeta do Povo procurou oferecer espaços privilegiados para os agentes relacionados à Operação Lava Jato e questionou a série Vaza Jato e o trabalho do website The Intercept Brasil, enquanto a Folha de S. Paulo se interessou e se aprofundou no escândalo ao longo dos três meses, com uma cobertura crítica à Lava Jato e ao ex-juiz Sergio Moro. A partir desse posicionamento, o estudo aponta que os veículos possuem técnicas de apuração das informações, agendamento, enquadramento e discurso muito distintos, com um posicionamento pró-Lava Jato no caso da Gazeta do Povo e crítico à Lava Jato no caso da Folha de S. Paulo. As diferenças percebidas nas análises estão em consonância com os discursos nas peças jornalísticas e nos editoriais, além dos discursos dos próprios chefes de redação dos veículos.
Political scandals are usual elements in political journalism in Brazil and in the world. But not every political scandal is presented the same way by the veichles and can present significant differences related to news values, agenda-setting, framing and narratives. Based on this, this study aims to answer the starting question: how did Folha de S. Paulo and Gazeta do Povo websites cover the Vaza Jato series of articles? For this study, sequential explanatory method, was used with both quantitative and qualititative techniques. The content analyzes were used to address the news values, frames and components present in the narratives constructed by both vehicles in the coverage of the Vaza Jato series of articles between June 9 and September 9, 2019. This period marks first three months of this series that revealed scandals involving the Minister of Justice at that time, Sergio Moro, and the prosecutors involved in Operation Lava Jato. In total, 828 journalistic pieces were analyzed, 530 from Folha de S. Paulo and 298 from Gazeta do Povo over the determined period. Furthermore, as qualitative techniques, narrative analysis and discourse analysis were used analyze journalistic pieces, editorials and in-depth semi-structured interviews with the editorial directors of Folha de S. Paulo and Gazeta do Povo. Through analysis techniques, it was possible to identify how Gazeta do Povo has privileged agents related to Operation Lava Jato in its covering and questioned the Vaza Jato series and the work of the website The Intercept Brasil, while Folha de S. Paulo became interested and delved deeper into the scandal over the three months, with critical coverage of Lava Jato and former judge Sergio Moro. It is concluded that differences related investigation, agenda-setting, , framing and ideological positioning of each vehicle were essential elements in this covering. It became clear that the vehicles have different approaches. The differences perceived in the analysis are convergent with the speeches in the journalistic pieces and in the editorials, in addition to the speeches of the editors of the vehicles themselves.
Political scandals are usual elements in political journalism in Brazil and in the world. But not every political scandal is presented the same way by the veichles and can present significant differences related to news values, agenda-setting, framing and narratives. Based on this, this study aims to answer the starting question: how did Folha de S. Paulo and Gazeta do Povo websites cover the Vaza Jato series of articles? For this study, sequential explanatory method, was used with both quantitative and qualititative techniques. The content analyzes were used to address the news values, frames and components present in the narratives constructed by both vehicles in the coverage of the Vaza Jato series of articles between June 9 and September 9, 2019. This period marks first three months of this series that revealed scandals involving the Minister of Justice at that time, Sergio Moro, and the prosecutors involved in Operation Lava Jato. In total, 828 journalistic pieces were analyzed, 530 from Folha de S. Paulo and 298 from Gazeta do Povo over the determined period. Furthermore, as qualitative techniques, narrative analysis and discourse analysis were used analyze journalistic pieces, editorials and in-depth semi-structured interviews with the editorial directors of Folha de S. Paulo and Gazeta do Povo. Through analysis techniques, it was possible to identify how Gazeta do Povo has privileged agents related to Operation Lava Jato in its covering and questioned the Vaza Jato series and the work of the website The Intercept Brasil, while Folha de S. Paulo became interested and delved deeper into the scandal over the three months, with critical coverage of Lava Jato and former judge Sergio Moro. It is concluded that differences related investigation, agenda-setting, , framing and ideological positioning of each vehicle were essential elements in this covering. It became clear that the vehicles have different approaches. The differences perceived in the analysis are convergent with the speeches in the journalistic pieces and in the editorials, in addition to the speeches of the editors of the vehicles themselves.
Descrição
Dissertação para obtenção de grau de Mestre em Ciências da Comunicação
Palavras-chave
jornalismo político; escândalo político; jornalismo; enquadramento; valores-notícia; political journalism; political scandal; journalism; framing; news values.