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Ajustamento do Potencial Produtivo de pomares de pera ‘Rocha’ com base em indicadores agronómicos e fisiológicos
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Autores
Resumo(s)
A pereira ‘Rocha’ é uma cultura de grande importância para o mercado nacional, assim, é fundamental conhecer as condições necessárias para o seu sucesso. Torna-se necessário compreender os processos agronómicos e fisiológicos que ocorrem na planta como resposta a alterações de densidade, do modo de condução e da carga da árvore. Apesar do fator mais importante para os produtores ser o fruto, é também indispensável entender de que forma é que a manipulação da densidade e da carga de frutos influenciam não só a planta, mas também o pomar como um todo.
Além das avaliações de produção, foram avaliados outros parâmetros, como a taxa fotossintética, a condutância estomática, os teores de antioxidantes e açucares solúveis nas folhas e nos frutos e o teor de pigmentos nas folhas, de forma a entender o efeito das condicionantes em estudo sobre a planta. Foram utilizados três pomares experimentais, com densidades diferentes, um pomar Tradicional (1111 plantas/ha), um pomar Intensivo (2700 plantas/ha) e um Superintensivo (5400 plantas/ha). Em cada pomar foram implementados três tratamentos com cargas diferentes (100%, 75% e 50%) e uma modalidade com 100% de carga, mas alvo de uma otimização, no pomar Tradicional consistiu na aplicação de uma tela refletora e nos dois pomares mais intensivos traduziu-se na inclinação dos eixos das árvores.
O aumento da densidade afetou positivamente a produção e o rendimento, com uma ligeira quebra nos parâmetros de qualidade e com um aumento do stresse fisiológico. A redução de carga permitiu um aumento no calibre e na qualidade dos frutos, com algumas limitações no poder de sink nas cargas mais reduzidas, afetando também a performance das folhas. A otimização das plantas, através das telas, provocou um aumento do crescimento dos frutos, e o eixo inclinado permitiu um aumento da qualidade dos frutos e da performance foliar.
The 'Rocha' variety of pear is a culture of great importance for the portuguese national market, as such, it is essential to know the necessary conditions for its success. For this, it is paramount to understand the agronomic and physiological processes that occur in the plant when it responds to changes in tree density, conduction mode and tree load. Although the most important factor for producers is the fruit, it is also essential to understand how the manipulation of density and load influence not only the plant but also the whole orchard. In this work, in addition to production evaluations, other parameters were assessed, such as photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, antioxidant and soluble sugar contents in leaves and fruits, and pigment content in leaves, to understand the effect of the conditions under study on the plant. Three experimental orchards with different densities were used, a Traditional orchard (1111 plants/ha) of low density, an Intensive orchard (2700 plants/ha) and a Super Intensive (5400 plants/ha). In each orchard, three treatments were implemented with different loads (100%, 75% and 50%) and a modality with 100% load, but target of an optimization, which, in the Traditional orchard consisted of the application of a reflective screen, and, in the two more intensive orchards entailed the inclination of the axes of the trees. The increase in density positively affected production and yield, with a slight drop in quality parameters and an increase in plant stress. The load reduction allowed an increase in the size and quality of the fruits, however limitations in the sink power were observed in the lower loads, also negatively affecting leaf performance. The optimization of the plants through screens caused an increase in fruit growth, and the inclined axis allowed an increase in fruit quality and in leaf performance.
The 'Rocha' variety of pear is a culture of great importance for the portuguese national market, as such, it is essential to know the necessary conditions for its success. For this, it is paramount to understand the agronomic and physiological processes that occur in the plant when it responds to changes in tree density, conduction mode and tree load. Although the most important factor for producers is the fruit, it is also essential to understand how the manipulation of density and load influence not only the plant but also the whole orchard. In this work, in addition to production evaluations, other parameters were assessed, such as photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, antioxidant and soluble sugar contents in leaves and fruits, and pigment content in leaves, to understand the effect of the conditions under study on the plant. Three experimental orchards with different densities were used, a Traditional orchard (1111 plants/ha) of low density, an Intensive orchard (2700 plants/ha) and a Super Intensive (5400 plants/ha). In each orchard, three treatments were implemented with different loads (100%, 75% and 50%) and a modality with 100% load, but target of an optimization, which, in the Traditional orchard consisted of the application of a reflective screen, and, in the two more intensive orchards entailed the inclination of the axes of the trees. The increase in density positively affected production and yield, with a slight drop in quality parameters and an increase in plant stress. The load reduction allowed an increase in the size and quality of the fruits, however limitations in the sink power were observed in the lower loads, also negatively affecting leaf performance. The optimization of the plants through screens caused an increase in fruit growth, and the inclined axis allowed an increase in fruit quality and in leaf performance.
Descrição
Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica. Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto Superior de Agronomia
Palavras-chave
Pyrus communis L. densidade carga de frutos telas refletoras modo de condução plant density fruit Load reflective films training system
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Matias, J.C.S. Ajustamento do Potencial Produtivo de pomares de pera ‘Rocha’ com base em indicadores agronómicos e fisiológicos. Lisboa: ISA-Universidade de Lisboa, 2022. Dissertação de Mestrado
Editora
Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa