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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
É notável a importância da transparência na administração pública democrática e
moderna, reconhecida como uma das características da boa governança do Estado. Nesse
sentido, a garantia do acesso à informação produzida pela administração pública torna-se
instrumento valoroso de avanço da democratização em favor do controlo social. A
presente dissertação teve por objetivo conhecer, analisar e compreender se os quadros
normativos de Portugal – LADA (Lei de Acesso à Informação Administrativa) e do Brasil
– LAI (Lei de Acesso à Informação), que regulamentam o acesso aos documentos
preparatórios das decisões da administração pública, pressupõe e garantem a
transparência, comparados à luz de parâmetros da transparência eleitos pelos principais
organismos internacionais. Ademais, conheceu-se e avaliou-se a autonomia que os
respectivos órgãos de garantia das leis de acesso possuem em Portugal (CADA -
Comissão de Acesso aos Documentos Administrativos) e no Brasil (CGU –
Controladoria-Geral da União). Foram realizadas pesquisas em pareceres emitidos pelos
2
referidos órgãos, bem como entrevistas semiestruturadas com informantes qualificados
buscando avaliar em que medida a transparência é garantida por meio da execução dos
referidos normativos e pela ação dos órgãos de garantia. Os resultados qualitativos
indicam que nas legislações comparadas há limitações impostas às hipóteses de exceção
à divulgação que podem prejudicar a transparência. No entanto, da análise dos pareceres
e dados estatísticos verificou-se que ambos os órgãos de garantia tendem a decidir
favorável à transparência, ou seja, pressupõe a transparência e contribuem para sua
garantia na execução dos quadros normativos. As entrevistas revelaram, ainda, que há
diferença entre o que as legislações pressupõem e a sua efetiva aplicação, confirmando,
contudo, que ambas as legislações e órgãos de garantia pressupõem a transparência, mas
não a garantem por completo. Foram identificados fatores que podem contribuir para a
efetiva garantia da transparência, especialmente no aprimoramento das legislações
comparadas.
The importance of transparency in democratic and modern public administration is remarkable, recognized as one of the characteristics of good governance in the State. In this sense, the guarantee of access to information produced by the public administration becomes a valuable instrument for the advancement of democratization in favor of social control. This dissertation aimed to know, analyze and understand whether the normative frameworks of Portugal - LADA (Access to Administrative Information Law) and Brazil - LAI (Access to Information Law), which regulate access to documents that prepare public administration decision, presuppose and guarantee transparency, compared to the transparency parameters chosen by the main international organizations. Furthermore, the autonomy that the respective bodies guaranteeing access laws have in Portugal (CADA - 3 Commission for Access to Administrative Documents) and in Brazil (CGU - Controllership General of the Union) was known and evaluated. Surveys were carried out on opinions issued by these bodies, as well as semi-structured interviews with qualified informants, seeking to assess the extent to which transparency is guaranteed through the execution of the aforementioned regulations and the action of the guarantee bodies. Qualitative results indicate that, in the legislations compared, there are limitations imposed on the hypotheses of exception to disclosure,which may harm transparency. However, from the analysis of opinions and statistical data, it was found that both guarantee bodies tend to decide in favor of transparency, that is, they presuppose transparency and contribute to its guarantee in the execution of regulatory frameworks. The interviews also revealed that there is a difference between what the legislation presupposes and its effective application, confirming, however, that both legislation and guarantee bodies presuppose transparency, but do not guarantee it completely. Factors were identified that can contribute to the effective guarantee of transparency, especially in the improvement of comparative legislation.
The importance of transparency in democratic and modern public administration is remarkable, recognized as one of the characteristics of good governance in the State. In this sense, the guarantee of access to information produced by the public administration becomes a valuable instrument for the advancement of democratization in favor of social control. This dissertation aimed to know, analyze and understand whether the normative frameworks of Portugal - LADA (Access to Administrative Information Law) and Brazil - LAI (Access to Information Law), which regulate access to documents that prepare public administration decision, presuppose and guarantee transparency, compared to the transparency parameters chosen by the main international organizations. Furthermore, the autonomy that the respective bodies guaranteeing access laws have in Portugal (CADA - 3 Commission for Access to Administrative Documents) and in Brazil (CGU - Controllership General of the Union) was known and evaluated. Surveys were carried out on opinions issued by these bodies, as well as semi-structured interviews with qualified informants, seeking to assess the extent to which transparency is guaranteed through the execution of the aforementioned regulations and the action of the guarantee bodies. Qualitative results indicate that, in the legislations compared, there are limitations imposed on the hypotheses of exception to disclosure,which may harm transparency. However, from the analysis of opinions and statistical data, it was found that both guarantee bodies tend to decide in favor of transparency, that is, they presuppose transparency and contribute to its guarantee in the execution of regulatory frameworks. The interviews also revealed that there is a difference between what the legislation presupposes and its effective application, confirming, however, that both legislation and guarantee bodies presuppose transparency, but do not guarantee it completely. Factors were identified that can contribute to the effective guarantee of transparency, especially in the improvement of comparative legislation.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Administração Pública
Keywords
Transparência pública; Leis de Acesso à Informação; Documento Preparatório; Portugal; Brasil; Public transparency; Access to Information Laws; Preparatory Document; Brazil.