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Representações e percepções da sustentabilidade socioambiental na imprensa brasileira. O caso do jornal Folha de São Paulo no primeiro semestre de governo Bolsonaro
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Esta investigação propõe-se a caracterizar as representações midiáticas relativas à cobertura sobre sustentabilidade socioambiental do jornal Folha de São Paulo no primeiro semestre de governo Bolsonaro – 1º de janeiro a 30 de junho de 2019 –; a identificar e compreender o processo de construção noticiosa e os critérios de noticiabilidade mais empregados pelo jornal; e a verificar a percepção de informadores qualificados sobre a influência das representações midiáticas na tomada de decisão sobre questões socioambientais. A abordagem metodológica é mista, baseada na análise de conteúdo quantitativa e em entrevistas semiestruturadas com informadores qualificados e emissores da cobertura. A pesquisa ampara-se na perspectiva construtivista da Comunicação Social, no modelo do Framing e nas teorias do Newsmaking, Gatekeeping e Agenda-building.
Os resultados demonstram que a cobertura realça um quadro de insustentabilidade socioambiental no Brasil, salientando problemas e preocupações sociais. Além dos desastres socioambientais, tópico mais abordado no período, o noticiário enfatiza negatividade, desvio, conflito e controvérsia em assuntos de gestão e políticas públicas no governo Bolsonaro. Destaca o negacionismo, evidenciando e/ou sugestionando a desestruturação do arcabouço legal e administrativo de meio ambiente federal, além de mudanças históricas no papel internacional do Brasil em questões pró-ambiente. Na configuração da Agenda-building, percepções de informadores qualificados indicam influência da cobertura midiática sobre as agendas públicas e de decisores políticos. Como critérios de noticiabilidade mais empregados na cobertura, o estudo identifica: “novidade, atualidade, negatividade, importância, interesse, relevância, crise, inesperado, conflito, controvérsia, desvio, impacto/magnitude, consequência, proximidade/significância, personalização, referência a pessoas de elite e a elite do poder”. A pesquisa sugere renovação do interesse midiático sobre sustentabilidade socioambiental no Brasil, impulsionada pela agenda anacrônica do governo Bolsonaro, mas demonstra limitações geográficas na cobertura do jornal Folha de São Paulo, reduzido destaque ao tema em espaços mais relevantes do jornal e baixo protagonismo de grupos indígenas, quilombolas e campesinos.
This research is focused on characterizing the media representations related to the socio-environmental sustainability coverage of the Folha de São Paulo newspaper in the first semester of Bolsonaro government – January 1 to June 30, 2019; to identify and understand the process of news construction and the news-values most used by the newspaper; and to verify the perception of qualified informants about the influence of media representations in decision-making on socio-environmental issues. The methodological approach is mixed, based on quantitative content analysis and semi-structured interviews with qualified informants and emitters of the coverage. The research is anchored in the constructivist perspective of Social Communication, in the Framing analysis model and the theories of Newsmaking, Gatekeeping and Agenda-building. The results demonstrate that the coverage highlights a frame of socio-environmental unsustainability in Brazil, highlighting problems and social concerns. In addition to socio-environmental disasters, a topic most discussed in the period, the news emphasizes negativity, deviance, conflict and controversy in matters of management and public policies under the Bolsonaro government. It highlights denialism, evidencing and/or suggesting the disruption of the federal legal and administrative environment framework, in addition to historical changes in Brazil's international role in pro-environment issues. In the configuration of Agenda-building, perceptions of qualified informants indicate the influence of media coverage on public and policy makers agendas. As the most used news-values, the study identifies: “novelty, timeliness, negativity, importance, interest, relevance, crisis, unexpected, conflict, controversy, deviance, impact/magnitude, consequence, proximity/significance, personalization, reference to elite people and the power elite”. The research suggests renewed media interest in socio-environmental sustainability in Brazil, stimulated by the anachronistic agenda of the Bolsonaro government, but demonstrates geographical limitations in the Folha de São Paulo coverage, reduced emphasis on the topic in the most relevant spaces of the newspaper and low protagonism of indigenous groups, quilombolas and peasants.
This research is focused on characterizing the media representations related to the socio-environmental sustainability coverage of the Folha de São Paulo newspaper in the first semester of Bolsonaro government – January 1 to June 30, 2019; to identify and understand the process of news construction and the news-values most used by the newspaper; and to verify the perception of qualified informants about the influence of media representations in decision-making on socio-environmental issues. The methodological approach is mixed, based on quantitative content analysis and semi-structured interviews with qualified informants and emitters of the coverage. The research is anchored in the constructivist perspective of Social Communication, in the Framing analysis model and the theories of Newsmaking, Gatekeeping and Agenda-building. The results demonstrate that the coverage highlights a frame of socio-environmental unsustainability in Brazil, highlighting problems and social concerns. In addition to socio-environmental disasters, a topic most discussed in the period, the news emphasizes negativity, deviance, conflict and controversy in matters of management and public policies under the Bolsonaro government. It highlights denialism, evidencing and/or suggesting the disruption of the federal legal and administrative environment framework, in addition to historical changes in Brazil's international role in pro-environment issues. In the configuration of Agenda-building, perceptions of qualified informants indicate the influence of media coverage on public and policy makers agendas. As the most used news-values, the study identifies: “novelty, timeliness, negativity, importance, interest, relevance, crisis, unexpected, conflict, controversy, deviance, impact/magnitude, consequence, proximity/significance, personalization, reference to elite people and the power elite”. The research suggests renewed media interest in socio-environmental sustainability in Brazil, stimulated by the anachronistic agenda of the Bolsonaro government, but demonstrates geographical limitations in the Folha de São Paulo coverage, reduced emphasis on the topic in the most relevant spaces of the newspaper and low protagonism of indigenous groups, quilombolas and peasants.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado em Comunicação Social, vertente de Jornalismo
Palavras-chave
representações midiáticas sustentabilidade socioambiental Newsmaking e Gatekeeping Agenda-building Folha de São Paulo governo Bolsonaro media representations socio-environmental sustainability Newsmaking and Gatekeeping Agenda-building Folha de São Paulo Bolsonaro government
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Editora
Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas