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Estudo retrospetivo de lesões ortopédicas em cavalos de endurance
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Resumo(s)
A Resistência Equestre é uma modalidade que tem crescido exponencialmente de ano para ano, nomeadamente nos Países da Península Ibérica, onde tem aumentado bastante o número de cavalos, criadores e cavaleiros praticantes desta disciplina. No entanto existem elevadas taxas de eliminação de conjuntos durante as provas, sendo a causa principal a eliminação por claudicação. Foi, então, o objetivo da presente dissertação avaliar quais principais lesões do sistema músculo-esquelético diagnosticadas em cavalos praticantes da disciplina de Endurance e referenciados ao Hospital Clínico Veterinário da Universidade de Cáceres. Através dos registos de consultas de cavalos de endurance arquivados neste Hospital desde 1997, e dos casos acompanhados desde setembro de 2017 a fevereiro de 2018, foi recolhida toda a informação. As lesões mais frequentes foram, com grande distinção as lesões de tecidos moles, especialmente a desmopatia do ligamento suspensor. Dentro deste grupo ocorreram ainda tendinopatias dos tendões flexores profundos, superficiais digitais e tenosinovites da bainha dos tendões flexores, desmopatia do ligamento colateral do boleto, e desmopatia do ligamento sesamoideo ímpar. As lesões ósseas, foram mais frequentes nos membros, obtendo-se as artropatias, fraturas e exostoses do osso metacárpico/metatársico rudimentar, osteocondrose dissecante e subluxações. As lesões ósseas do eixo diagnosticadas foram a artropatia das articulações cervicais e lombares. Para além destas foram ainda detetadas lesões como motivo de claudicação a síndrome de Wobbler, feridas e rabdomiólise.
Concluiu-se que as lesões mais frequentes nesta população de cavalos a praticar resistência equestre e referenciadas para o Hospital Clínico Veterinário da Universidade de Cáceres, foi a desmopatia do ligamento suspensor do boleto, com grande diferença das demais lesões, estando os restantes diagnósticos presentes em frequências semelhantes. Poder-se-á atribuir este tipo de lesões essencialmente às condições de treino e competição destes cavalos, em terrenos pesados e arenosos, no entanto outros estudos serão necessários.
ABSTRACT - RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF ORTOPEDIC LESIONS IN ENDURANCE HORSES - The Equestrian Endurance is a modality that has grown exponentially in the last years, particularly in Portugal and Spain, where there has been a great increase in the number of horses, breeders and riders practicing this discipline. However, there are high rates of elimination in these endurance competitions, from which lameness was the main cause of it. Therefore, the purpose of this dissertation was to investigate the main orthopaedic lesions diagnosed in endurance horses referred to the Clinical Veterinary Hospital of the University of Cáceres. Through the records of clinical consultations of endurance horses arrived at this Hospital since 1997, and from the cases received from September 2017 to February 2018 during the author's curricular traineeship, all the information was collected. The most frequent lesions in horses referred to the mentioned Hospital were, with great distinction, soft tissue lesions, especially Suspensory Ligament Desmopathy. Within this group there were also tendinopathies of the deep digital flexor tendons, and superficial digital flexor tendon, tenosynovitis of the digital flexor tendon sheath, collateral ligament desmopathy, and sesamoid ligament desmopathy. Bone lesions were more frequent in the limbs, as arthropathy, rudimentary metacarpal/metatarsal bone fractures and exostoses, osteochondritis dissecans and subluxations. Bone Lesions of the vertebral axis diagnosed included arthropathy of the cervical and lumbar joints. In addition, Wobbler's Syndrome, wounds and rhabdomyolysis were other lesions diagnosed from these horse population. It was concluded that the most frequent injuries in this population of horses competing in endurance and referred to the Hospital was the suspensory ligament desmopathy, with great distinction from the other lesions. The other diagnosed lesions had approximately the same frequency. We could potentially attributed this type of injury to the conditions of training and competition of these horses, in heavy and sandy terrains, however other studies would be recommended.
ABSTRACT - RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF ORTOPEDIC LESIONS IN ENDURANCE HORSES - The Equestrian Endurance is a modality that has grown exponentially in the last years, particularly in Portugal and Spain, where there has been a great increase in the number of horses, breeders and riders practicing this discipline. However, there are high rates of elimination in these endurance competitions, from which lameness was the main cause of it. Therefore, the purpose of this dissertation was to investigate the main orthopaedic lesions diagnosed in endurance horses referred to the Clinical Veterinary Hospital of the University of Cáceres. Through the records of clinical consultations of endurance horses arrived at this Hospital since 1997, and from the cases received from September 2017 to February 2018 during the author's curricular traineeship, all the information was collected. The most frequent lesions in horses referred to the mentioned Hospital were, with great distinction, soft tissue lesions, especially Suspensory Ligament Desmopathy. Within this group there were also tendinopathies of the deep digital flexor tendons, and superficial digital flexor tendon, tenosynovitis of the digital flexor tendon sheath, collateral ligament desmopathy, and sesamoid ligament desmopathy. Bone lesions were more frequent in the limbs, as arthropathy, rudimentary metacarpal/metatarsal bone fractures and exostoses, osteochondritis dissecans and subluxations. Bone Lesions of the vertebral axis diagnosed included arthropathy of the cervical and lumbar joints. In addition, Wobbler's Syndrome, wounds and rhabdomyolysis were other lesions diagnosed from these horse population. It was concluded that the most frequent injuries in this population of horses competing in endurance and referred to the Hospital was the suspensory ligament desmopathy, with great distinction from the other lesions. The other diagnosed lesions had approximately the same frequency. We could potentially attributed this type of injury to the conditions of training and competition of these horses, in heavy and sandy terrains, however other studies would be recommended.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Cavalo Endurance Lesões Ortopédicas Claudicação Cavalo Árabe Resistência Equestre Horse Endurance Orthopedic Lesions Lameness Arabian Horse Equestrian Resistance
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Arroja, M.B.L.S.M. (2018). Estudo retrospetivo de lesões ortopédicas em cavalos de endurance. Dissertação de mestrado. Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Lisboa.
Editora
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária