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Otite externa canina : um estudo de caso retrospetivo sobre a etiologia e o perfil de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos
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Resumo(s)
A otite externa é uma das doenças mais frequentes na medicina dos animais de companhia,
podendo afetar até 20% da população canina. Por isso, é fundamental identificar todos os
fatores predisponentes, primários, secundários e perpetuadores presentes em cada animal
para assegurar um tratamento eficaz.
Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar uma amostra da população de cães afetada por
otite externa no Hospital Veterinário CASVET, localizado na Parede, distrito de Lisboa, e
identificar os agentes etiológicos envolvidos, bem como o seu perfil de suscetibilidade aos
antibióticos. Os dados foram recolhidos através da consulta das fichas clínicas de animais
diagnosticados com otite externa, com resultados laboratoriais de isolamento e Teste de
suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos. A amostra reuniu 48 cães, de ambos os sexos, diferentes
raças e idades compreendidas entre os 3 meses e os 15 anos.
Os cães mais afetados foram adultos, com mais de 5 anos de idade (62,5%), pavilhão
auricular pendular (72,9%) e da raça Labrador Retriever (16,7%). A otite afetou
frequentemente ambos os pavilhões auriculares (62,5%) e registaram-se mais casos crónicos
ou recorrentes (62,5%) do que agudos (37,5%). As doenças alérgicas (33,3%) foram a
principal causa primária identificada.
Os principais agentes secundários isolados foram Staphylococcus spp. (54,2%), Malassezia
spp. (39,6%), Proteus spp. (20,8%) e Pseudomonas spp. (16,7%), e a associação microbiana
foi frequente. A classe de antibióticos mais eficaz foi a dos aminoglicosídeos, sendo que a
gentamicina revelou uma boa suscetibilidade na maioria dos isolados (62,5-96,2%). Os
isolados de Pseudomonas spp. apresentaram a maior frequência de resistências, sendo, no
entanto, sensíveis, em 90% dos casos, à amicacina.
Considerando os resultados obtidos neste estudo, em casos de otite externa não complicada,
apesar de ser recomendável efetuar sempre cultura e TSA, é possível selecionar uma
terapêutica com base apenas na citologia, em cenários socioeconómicos em que os clientes
não possam suportar os custos das análises laboratoriais. No entanto, nos casos crónicos ou
recorrentes, não responsivos à terapêutica inicial, ou que revelem a presença de bastonetes
na citologia, a terapêutica instituída deve ser sempre selecionada com base nos resultados
da cultura e TSA.
ABSTRACT - Otitis externa is one of the most frequent diseases in small animal practice, affecting up to 20% of the canine population. Therefore it is essential to identify all the predisposing, primary, secondary and perpetuating factors affecting each animal, in order to achieve an effective treatment. This study aimed to characterize the dog population affected by otitis externa at the Veterinary Hospital CASVET, located in Parede, Lisbon district, and to identify the main secondary agents involved, as well as their antibiotic suscetibility profile. Data was gathered from the clinical records of dogs diagnosed with otitis externa, with laboratory results of microbial isolation and identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). The sample included 48 dogs of both sexes, different breeds, and ages between 3 months and 15 years. The most affected dogs were adults, more than 5 years old (62.5%), with pendular ears (72.9%) and of the Labrador Retriever breed (16.7%). Otitis frequently affected both atrial sites (62.5%) and there were more chronic or recurrent cases (62.5%) than acute ones (37.5%). Allergic diseases were the main primary cause identified (33.3%). The main secondary agents isolated were Staphylococcus spp. (54.2%), Malassezia spp. (39.6%), Proteus spp. (20.8%) and Pseudomonas spp. (16.7%), and microbial association was frequent. The most effective class of antibiotics was aminoglycosides, with amikacin and gentamicin showing good sensitivity (between 87.5-100%, and 62.5-96.2%, respectively).The isolates of Pseudomonas spp. presented the highest proportion of antibiotic resistance, but remaining sensitive to amikacin in 90% of the cases. Considering the results of this study, although it is always recommended to carry out microbiological culture and AST, in cases of uncomplicated otitis externa, it is possible to select antibiotherapy based solely on cytology, in socioeconomic scenarios where customers cannot afford the costs of laboratory exams. However, in chronic or recurrent cases that do not respond to initial antibiotherapy or reveal the presence of rods in cytology, antibiotherapy should always be selected based on microbiological culture and AST results.
ABSTRACT - Otitis externa is one of the most frequent diseases in small animal practice, affecting up to 20% of the canine population. Therefore it is essential to identify all the predisposing, primary, secondary and perpetuating factors affecting each animal, in order to achieve an effective treatment. This study aimed to characterize the dog population affected by otitis externa at the Veterinary Hospital CASVET, located in Parede, Lisbon district, and to identify the main secondary agents involved, as well as their antibiotic suscetibility profile. Data was gathered from the clinical records of dogs diagnosed with otitis externa, with laboratory results of microbial isolation and identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). The sample included 48 dogs of both sexes, different breeds, and ages between 3 months and 15 years. The most affected dogs were adults, more than 5 years old (62.5%), with pendular ears (72.9%) and of the Labrador Retriever breed (16.7%). Otitis frequently affected both atrial sites (62.5%) and there were more chronic or recurrent cases (62.5%) than acute ones (37.5%). Allergic diseases were the main primary cause identified (33.3%). The main secondary agents isolated were Staphylococcus spp. (54.2%), Malassezia spp. (39.6%), Proteus spp. (20.8%) and Pseudomonas spp. (16.7%), and microbial association was frequent. The most effective class of antibiotics was aminoglycosides, with amikacin and gentamicin showing good sensitivity (between 87.5-100%, and 62.5-96.2%, respectively).The isolates of Pseudomonas spp. presented the highest proportion of antibiotic resistance, but remaining sensitive to amikacin in 90% of the cases. Considering the results of this study, although it is always recommended to carry out microbiological culture and AST, in cases of uncomplicated otitis externa, it is possible to select antibiotherapy based solely on cytology, in socioeconomic scenarios where customers cannot afford the costs of laboratory exams. However, in chronic or recurrent cases that do not respond to initial antibiotherapy or reveal the presence of rods in cytology, antibiotherapy should always be selected based on microbiological culture and AST results.
Descrição
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Palavras-chave
Cão otite externa etiologia tratamento teste de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos One Health Dog otitis externa etiology therapy antimicrobial suscetibility test
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Fonseca, M.P. (2018) Otite externa canina : um estudo de caso retrospetivo sobre a etiologia e o perfil de suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos. Dissertação de mestrado. Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Lisboa.
Editora
Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária