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Authors
Abstract(s)
As doenças mais importantes, transmitidas por insectos culicídeos e psicodídeos, que afectam
a espécie canina, são a dirofilariose e leishmaniose. A dirofilariose é uma doença crónica
causada pelo nemátode da espécie Dirofilaria immitis, que existe predominantemente em
zonas de climas tropicais e subtropicais. Os insectos do género Culex, Anopheles e Aedes, são
responsáveis pela transmissão da forma infectante L3. A leishmaniose é uma doença
zoonótica, causada pelo protozoário da espécie Leishmania infantum, que existe
predominantemente na Bacia do Mediterrâneo. Em Portugal e Espanha, os vectores
responsáveis pela transmissão das formas infectantes, os promastigotas metacíclicas, ao
hospedeiro canídeo, são as espécies Phebotomus perniciosus e o P. ariasi.
No presente trabalho, foram realizados dois estudos retrospectivos, um sobre a dirofilariose na
Ilha da Madeira e que englobou 29 cães e outro sobre leishmaniose em Barcelona, que incluiu
20 animais. Relativamente ao estudo da dirofilariose, verificou-se que a maioria dos animais
eram assintomáticos. O diagnóstico etiológico foi realizado com base no exame físico, pela
detecção de microfilárias e filárias adultas, através da técnica de Knott modificada e de
ELISA. A terapêutica etiológica englobou uma terapêutica adulticida com melarsomina,
seguida de uma terapêutica microfilaricida com lactonas macrocíclicas. No estudo
retrospectivo da leishmaniose, observou-se animais com sinais clínicos muito variáveis, no
entanto, a maioria dos cães apresentam letargia, linfadenomegália, lesões dermatológicas. As
alterações laboratoriais mais observadas foram uma anemia não regenerativa e uma
hiperproteinémia com hiperglobulinémia e hipoalbuminémia. O diagnóstico etiológico foi
realizado com base no exame físico, histórica clínica, por cELISA e RT-PCR. Diferentes
fármacos foram utilizados no tratamento, contudo o antimoniato de meglumina e o alopurinol,
são os mais utilizados.
BASTRACT - CANINE PARASITOLOGIC DISEASES TRANSMITED BY CULICIDAE AND PSYCHODIDAE INSECTS - Dirofilariosis and leishmaniosis are the main diseases transmitted by Culicidae and Psicodidae insect that affect canines. Dirofilariosis is a chronic disease, caused by Dirofilaria immitis that is prevalent in areas with a tropical or subtropical environment. Insects from de genus Culex, Anopheles and Aedes are responsible for transmitting the L3 infective form. Leishmaniosis is a zoonotic disease prevalent in the Mediterranean basin, caused by Leishmania infatum. In Portugal and Spain, the main vectors, responsible for transmitting the infected form, the metacyclic promastigotes, are Phebotomus perniciosus and P. ariasi. In the purpose of the chosen theme, two retrospective studies were conducted: one on dirofilariosis including 29 dogs at Madeira Island and another on leishmaniosis in 20 dogs at Barcelona. In the dirofilariosis study, most animals were asymptomatic. The diagnosis was made by physical examination, detection of the microfilaria and adult heartworm, with the modified Knott technique and by ELISA. The treatment was completed with an adulticide therapy with melarsomine and a microfilaricide therapy with macrocyclic lactones. In the leishmaniosis retrospective study, many clinic signs were observed, but most dogs presented lethargy, limphadenomegaly and dermatologic lesions. The major laboratory changes observed were a non regenerative anemia and a hyperproteinemia with hyperglobulinemia and hypoalbuminemia. Diagnosis was made through clinical history, physical examination and parasitological exams, by cELISA and RT-PCR. There are many different drugs which can be used for treatment, but the most used in this study were meglumine antimoniate and allopurinol.
BASTRACT - CANINE PARASITOLOGIC DISEASES TRANSMITED BY CULICIDAE AND PSYCHODIDAE INSECTS - Dirofilariosis and leishmaniosis are the main diseases transmitted by Culicidae and Psicodidae insect that affect canines. Dirofilariosis is a chronic disease, caused by Dirofilaria immitis that is prevalent in areas with a tropical or subtropical environment. Insects from de genus Culex, Anopheles and Aedes are responsible for transmitting the L3 infective form. Leishmaniosis is a zoonotic disease prevalent in the Mediterranean basin, caused by Leishmania infatum. In Portugal and Spain, the main vectors, responsible for transmitting the infected form, the metacyclic promastigotes, are Phebotomus perniciosus and P. ariasi. In the purpose of the chosen theme, two retrospective studies were conducted: one on dirofilariosis including 29 dogs at Madeira Island and another on leishmaniosis in 20 dogs at Barcelona. In the dirofilariosis study, most animals were asymptomatic. The diagnosis was made by physical examination, detection of the microfilaria and adult heartworm, with the modified Knott technique and by ELISA. The treatment was completed with an adulticide therapy with melarsomine and a microfilaricide therapy with macrocyclic lactones. In the leishmaniosis retrospective study, many clinic signs were observed, but most dogs presented lethargy, limphadenomegaly and dermatologic lesions. The major laboratory changes observed were a non regenerative anemia and a hyperproteinemia with hyperglobulinemia and hypoalbuminemia. Diagnosis was made through clinical history, physical examination and parasitological exams, by cELISA and RT-PCR. There are many different drugs which can be used for treatment, but the most used in this study were meglumine antimoniate and allopurinol.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
Keywords
Dirofilaria Leishmania Culicídeos Psicodídeos Cão Madeira Barcelona Culicidae Psychodidae Dog
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Gomes, B.A.J. (2009). Doenças parasitárias do cão transmitidas por insectos culicídeos e psicodídeos no Funchal e em Barcelona. Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Lisboa.
Publisher
Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária