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Abstract(s)
As ruturas de medicamentos são um conceito que acompanha a sociedade documentando-se há mais de um século. Com o tempo, a indisponibilidade de medicamentos na Europa e no mundo veio a aumentar tendo repercussões de variadas magnitudes nos cuidados de saúde das populações e na sustentabilidade dos sistemas de saúde nacionais, ainda que a definição do conceito “rutura de medicamento” propriamente dito tenha sido vasta e inconsistente entre fronteiras nacionais. A presente monografia consiste numa revisão bibliográfica de artigos científicos e literatura cinzenta disponível dos últimos 20 anos que visa descrever a situação atual na região europeia e além, utilizando uma abordagem holística para listar e comparar medidas de mitigação impostas nos vários países. Para eficazmente mitigar as instâncias de ruturas de medicamento, é necessário também entender as suas causas, quer sejam estas devidos a barreiras regulamentares, problemas de produção, questões económicas ou de mercado. Observa-se uma interligação entre as causas basais que produzem as ruturas de medicamentos, tornando o problema complexo e incitando a necessidade de uma estratégia ampla. Não obstante, constatam-se diferenças acentuadas na causalidade da indisponibilidade de medicamentos na região europeia quando comparada com a de países subdesenvolvidos, colocando a Europa numa posição privilegiada. Na região europeia, países e partes interessadas vêem-se a impor medidas que visam combater estes episódios de rutura com um foco a curto, médio e longo-termo que vão desde a implementação de obrigações legais para a indústria farmacêutica, até ao estabelecimento de portais e bancos de dados ou a criação de diretrizes para os profissionais de saúde. Abordagens coletivas entre países podem apresentar-se como a metodologia mais eficaz na futura resolução dos problemas basais. A título de exemplo, Portugal foi escolhido como caso de estudo, no qual as medidas implementadas em terreno nacional e o contexto do país foram estudados e descritos mais aprofundadamente. Apesar dos diferentes países de uma região apresentarem as suas características próprias, a partilha de experiências e estratégias tem o potencial de criar benefício mútuo na criação de soluções estruturadas para a questão das ruturas de medicamentos, que se apresenta tanto como um problema de saúde como ético.
Medicine shortages are a concept that has been documented within society for more than a century. Over time, the unavailability of medicines in Europe and around the world has increased, with repercussions of varying magnitudes on populations’ health care and the sustainability of national health systems, although the definition of the concept of “medicine shortage” itself has been broad and inconsistent across national borders. This paper consists of a literature review of scientific articles and available grey literature from the last 20 years that aims to describe the current situation in the European region and beyond, using a holistic approach to list and compare mitigation measures imposed in the various countries. To effectively mitigate instances of medicine disruptions, it is also necessary to understand their causes, whether these are due to regulatory barriers, production problems, economic, or market issues. There is an interconnection between the root causes of medicine shortages, making the problem complex and prompting the need for a comprehensive strategy. Nevertheless, there are marked differences in the causality of the unavailability of medicines in the European region compared to low-income countries, placing Europe in a privileged position. In the European region, countries and stakeholders are imposing measures to combat these episodes of disruption with a short-, medium- and long-term focus, ranging from implementing legal obligations for the pharmaceutical industry to establishing portals and databanks or creating guidelines for healthcare professionals. Collective approaches between countries may prove to be the most effective methodology for resolving the root causes in the future. As an example, Portugal was chosen as a case study, in which the measures implemented on the national stage and the country's context were studied and described in greater depth. Although the different countries in a region have their own characteristics, sharing experiences and strategies has the potential to create mutual benefit in creating structured solutions to the issue of medicine shortages, which is both a health and ethical problem.
Medicine shortages are a concept that has been documented within society for more than a century. Over time, the unavailability of medicines in Europe and around the world has increased, with repercussions of varying magnitudes on populations’ health care and the sustainability of national health systems, although the definition of the concept of “medicine shortage” itself has been broad and inconsistent across national borders. This paper consists of a literature review of scientific articles and available grey literature from the last 20 years that aims to describe the current situation in the European region and beyond, using a holistic approach to list and compare mitigation measures imposed in the various countries. To effectively mitigate instances of medicine disruptions, it is also necessary to understand their causes, whether these are due to regulatory barriers, production problems, economic, or market issues. There is an interconnection between the root causes of medicine shortages, making the problem complex and prompting the need for a comprehensive strategy. Nevertheless, there are marked differences in the causality of the unavailability of medicines in the European region compared to low-income countries, placing Europe in a privileged position. In the European region, countries and stakeholders are imposing measures to combat these episodes of disruption with a short-, medium- and long-term focus, ranging from implementing legal obligations for the pharmaceutical industry to establishing portals and databanks or creating guidelines for healthcare professionals. Collective approaches between countries may prove to be the most effective methodology for resolving the root causes in the future. As an example, Portugal was chosen as a case study, in which the measures implemented on the national stage and the country's context were studied and described in greater depth. Although the different countries in a region have their own characteristics, sharing experiences and strategies has the potential to create mutual benefit in creating structured solutions to the issue of medicine shortages, which is both a health and ethical problem.
Description
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2024, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia
Keywords
Medicine shortages Pharmaceutical policy Mitigation measures Europe Portugal Mestrado Integrado - 2024