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A ocupação da Idade do Ferro da gruta artificial de São Paulo 2 (Almada)
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A gruta artificial de São Paulo 2 foi identificada em 1988, no âmbito do acompanhamento arqueológico dos trabalhos de remodelação do Largo da Igreja de São Paulo, em Almada.
As intervenções, que decorreram entre 1989 e 1991, deram a conhecer um monumento funerário pré-histórico, no qual se recuperaram, inclusivamente, materiais atribuíveis a épocas mais recentes. A presença da Idade do Ferro no local estaria confirmada pela presença de numerosos restos de conchas de moluscos no sítio, presumivelmente alimentares, mas também de um conjunto de cerâmicas a torno, de matriz tipicamente fenícia, que se encontraram, em parte, excepcionalmente bem conservadas.
Sem causar estranheza, o momento inaugural desta estrutura assumiu maior importância no estudo do sítio, permanecendo até hoje as realidades posteriores, mal conhecidas.
A proposta funcional que tem sido sugerida pelos arqueólogos responsáveis da escavação para a utilização da gruta durante a Idade do Ferro, enquanto acampamento, merecia ser revista, desde logo porque a ideia de estarmos perante uma ocupação doméstica, ainda que temporária, em ambiente de gruta, se mantem muito improvável no quadro cultural da Idade do Ferro.
A análise do conjunto cerâmico, até hoje inédito, permitiu enquadrar esta presença entre finais do século VI e meados do V a.n.e., indicando uma relação directa com o povoado da Quinta do Almaraz, situado, sensivelmente, a um quilómetro da gruta. A sua exploração, nestas fases, estaria justificada pela prática de actividades de carácter ritual-cerimonial, esclarecendo assim a importância deste sítio no contexto da Idade do Ferro do estuário do Tejo, onde a densidade ocupacional de carácter habitacional se encontra profusamente documentada, enquanto as manifestações rituais, funerárias e não funerárias, estão ainda por melhor definir.
The artificial cave of São Paulo 2 was identified in 1988, as part of the archaeological monitoring of the construction on Largo da Igreja de São Paulo, in Almada. The archaeological interventions, which took place between 1989 and 1991, have shown a prehistoric funerary monument, in which even materials attributable to more recent times have been recovered. The Iron Age presence in this site would be confirmed by the evidence of numerous remains of mollusc shells in the site, presumably food, but also a set of pottery of typically Phoenician matrix, which were, in part, exceptionally well preserved. Without any surprise, the first stage of the monument took on greater importance in the study of the site, and later chronologies are still poorly known today. The functional proposal that has been suggested by the archaeologists responsible for the excavation, namely the use of the cave during the Iron Age, as a camp, deserved to be revised, because, first of all the idea of facing a domestic occupation, although temporary, in an environment of cave, remains very unlikely in the cultural framework of the Iron Age. The analysis of the pottery collection, until now unpublished, allowed this presence to be framed between the end of the 6th century and the middle of the 5th b.c.e., indicating a direct relationship with the settlement of Quinta do Almaraz located, approximately, one kilometer from the cave. Its exploration, in these phases, would be justified by the practice of activities of a ritual-ceremonial nature, thus clarifying the importance of this site in the context of the Iron Age of the Tagus estuary, where the density of urban occupations is profusely documented, while the ritual manifestations, funerary and non-funerary, are still to be better defined.
The artificial cave of São Paulo 2 was identified in 1988, as part of the archaeological monitoring of the construction on Largo da Igreja de São Paulo, in Almada. The archaeological interventions, which took place between 1989 and 1991, have shown a prehistoric funerary monument, in which even materials attributable to more recent times have been recovered. The Iron Age presence in this site would be confirmed by the evidence of numerous remains of mollusc shells in the site, presumably food, but also a set of pottery of typically Phoenician matrix, which were, in part, exceptionally well preserved. Without any surprise, the first stage of the monument took on greater importance in the study of the site, and later chronologies are still poorly known today. The functional proposal that has been suggested by the archaeologists responsible for the excavation, namely the use of the cave during the Iron Age, as a camp, deserved to be revised, because, first of all the idea of facing a domestic occupation, although temporary, in an environment of cave, remains very unlikely in the cultural framework of the Iron Age. The analysis of the pottery collection, until now unpublished, allowed this presence to be framed between the end of the 6th century and the middle of the 5th b.c.e., indicating a direct relationship with the settlement of Quinta do Almaraz located, approximately, one kilometer from the cave. Its exploration, in these phases, would be justified by the practice of activities of a ritual-ceremonial nature, thus clarifying the importance of this site in the context of the Iron Age of the Tagus estuary, where the density of urban occupations is profusely documented, while the ritual manifestations, funerary and non-funerary, are still to be better defined.