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Abstract(s)
O presente trabalho investiga qual a idade adequada para a maioridade penal: 16 ou 18 anos. Para isso, realiza um estudo jurídico luso-brasileiro que examina a maioridade penal em Portugal e no Brasil, e um estudo interdisciplinar que integra esse tema jurídico com evidências da Neurociência, Psicologia, Sociologia e Criminologia, na busca por uma possível resposta. A sua estrutura é dividida em sete capítulos. No primeiro capítulo, estuda-se breves noções gerais sobre a maioridade penal. No segundo, observa-se alguns dos principais argumentos e ideias presentes nos debates parlamentares e doutrinários de ambos os países sobre a idade da maioridade penal, com o objetivo de se averiguar, depois, se é possível confirmá-los, ou se é necessário afastá-los, quando confrontados com pesquisas científicas. Nesse momento, chama-se atenção para a importância de um debate “inteligente” e global, dada a complexidade da matéria e o caráter universal da discussão. No terceiro e quarto capítulo, adentra-se no estudo de algumas disposições normativas importantes à discussão da maioridade penal, nos ordenamentos jurídicos português e brasileiro, e operam-se reflexões sobre a efetividade dos fins educativos das intervenções tutelar educativa (Portugal) e socioeducativa (Brasil) reservadas para os inimputáveis penais em razão da idade, a partir de algumas evidências oferecidas pela área da Educação. Após isso, avança-se para um estudo essencialmente interdisciplinar, selecionando-se determinados conteúdos de outras áreas do saber, que se revelam importantes para o debate da maioridade penal. No quinto capítulo, estuda-se o processo de maturação do cérebro e as suas implicações sobre o comportamento na adolescência, a partir de dados da Neurociência e da Psicologia, propondo-se a reflexão de que uma análise prudente sobre o comportamento do adolescente demanda atenção a questões muito mais complexas do que apenas o seu discernimento. Já no sexto capítulo, estuda-se algumas noções sobre a fase da adolescência, o consumo adolescente e o fenômeno do consumismo, a partir de materiais da Psicologia e da Sociologia, constatando-se determinadas especificidades particulares à essa fase – nomeadamente, no que diz respeito à relação do adolescente consigo mesmo, com o grupo de pares, e com os objetos –, e instigando-se a reflexão de como elas podem torná-lo mais suscetível ao impactos daquele fenômeno, inclusive, no que se refere à práticas delinquentes voltadas ao consumo de bens. Por fim, no sétimo capítulo, estudam-se algumas atrações e fatores de risco para a delinquência, assim como alguns fatores de proteção importantes para combatê-la, a partir de estudos da Criminologia, aventando-se críticas quanto ao peso das falhas do Estado e da Sociedade, diante da constatação de trajetórias de vida de crianças e adolescentes marcadas pela carência de acesso à direitos e garantias fundamentais. Por tudo isso, em sede de conclusão, aponta-se que apesar de o problema de pesquisa se constituir essencialmente de teor jurídico, a sua resposta precisa ser alcançada através da interdisciplinaridade com outras áreas do saber cujos conteúdos são indispensáveis à discussão. E nesse sentido, considerando o conjunto de evidências estudadas, conclui-se que a idade de 18 anos é a que mais se revela adequada para a maioridade penal, sendo crucial, porém, que o Direito também reserve um tratamento penal especial aos jovens imputáveis penais menores de 21 anos, a fim de que não sejam tratados igual aos adultos. Nesse ponto, entende-se devida a previsão de uma atenuante de pena de prisão pautada na idade, ao invés de em uma análise casuística, e a existência de estabelecimentos penais próprios para a execução das suas penas.
This work investigates the appropriate age for criminal responsibility: 16 or 18 years old. For this, it carries out a Portuguese-Brazilian legal study that examines the age of criminal responsibility in Portugal and Brazil, and an interdisciplinary study that integrates this legal topic with evidence from Neuroscience, Psychology, Sociology and Criminology, in the search for a possible answer. Its structure is divided into seven chapters. In the first chapter, brief general notions about the age of criminal responsibility are studied. In the second, we observe some of the main arguments and ideas present in the parliamentary and doctrinal debates of both countries regarding the age of criminal majority, with the aim of later finding out whether it is possible to confirm them, or whether it is necessary to rule out them, when confronted with scientific research. At this moment, attention is drawn to the importance of an “intelligent” and global debate, given the complexity of the matter and the universal nature of the discussion. In the third and fourth chapter, we delve into the study of some normative provisions important to the discussion of the age of criminal responsibility, in the Portuguese and Brazilian legal systems, and reflect on the effectiveness of the educational purposes of educational (Portugal) and socio-educational (Portugal) and socio-educational guardianship interventions ( Brazil) reserved for those not subject to criminal charges due to age, based on some evidence offered by the area of Education. After this, we move on to an essentially interdisciplinary study, selecting certain content from other areas of knowledge, which prove to be important for the debate on the age of criminal responsibility. In the fifth chapter, the process of brain maturation and its implications for behavior in adolescence are studied, based on data from Neuroscience and Psychology, proposing the reflection that a prudent analysis of adolescent behavior demands attention to much more complex issues than just your discernment. In the sixth chapter, some notions about the adolescence phase, adolescent consumption and the phenomenon of consumerism are studied, based on materials from Psychology and Sociology, noting certain specificities particular to this phase – namely, with regard to respect for the adolescent's relationship with himself, with the peer group, and with objects -, and encouraging reflection on how they can make him more susceptible to the impacts of that phenomenon, including with regard to delinquent practices aimed at to the consumption of goods. Finally, in the seventh chapter, some attractions and risk factors for delinquency are studied, as well as some important protective factors to combat it, based on Criminology studies, raising criticisms regarding the weight of the State's failures. and Society, given the observation of life trajectories of children and adolescents marked by a lack of access to fundamental rights and guarantees. For all these reasons, in conclusion, it is pointed out that although the research problem is essentially a legal one, its answer needs to be achieved through interdisciplinarity with other areas of knowledge whose contents are indispensable to the discussion. And in this sense, considering the set of evidence studied, it is concluded that the age of 18 years is the most appropriate for the age of criminal responsibility, it is crucial, however, that the Law also reserves special criminal treatment for young people attributable to criminal offenses. under 21 years of age, so that they are not treated the same as adults. At this point, it is understood that the provision of a mitigating prison sentence based on age, rather than on a case-by-case analysis, and the existence of specific penal establishments for the execution of their sentences is considered appropriate.
This work investigates the appropriate age for criminal responsibility: 16 or 18 years old. For this, it carries out a Portuguese-Brazilian legal study that examines the age of criminal responsibility in Portugal and Brazil, and an interdisciplinary study that integrates this legal topic with evidence from Neuroscience, Psychology, Sociology and Criminology, in the search for a possible answer. Its structure is divided into seven chapters. In the first chapter, brief general notions about the age of criminal responsibility are studied. In the second, we observe some of the main arguments and ideas present in the parliamentary and doctrinal debates of both countries regarding the age of criminal majority, with the aim of later finding out whether it is possible to confirm them, or whether it is necessary to rule out them, when confronted with scientific research. At this moment, attention is drawn to the importance of an “intelligent” and global debate, given the complexity of the matter and the universal nature of the discussion. In the third and fourth chapter, we delve into the study of some normative provisions important to the discussion of the age of criminal responsibility, in the Portuguese and Brazilian legal systems, and reflect on the effectiveness of the educational purposes of educational (Portugal) and socio-educational (Portugal) and socio-educational guardianship interventions ( Brazil) reserved for those not subject to criminal charges due to age, based on some evidence offered by the area of Education. After this, we move on to an essentially interdisciplinary study, selecting certain content from other areas of knowledge, which prove to be important for the debate on the age of criminal responsibility. In the fifth chapter, the process of brain maturation and its implications for behavior in adolescence are studied, based on data from Neuroscience and Psychology, proposing the reflection that a prudent analysis of adolescent behavior demands attention to much more complex issues than just your discernment. In the sixth chapter, some notions about the adolescence phase, adolescent consumption and the phenomenon of consumerism are studied, based on materials from Psychology and Sociology, noting certain specificities particular to this phase – namely, with regard to respect for the adolescent's relationship with himself, with the peer group, and with objects -, and encouraging reflection on how they can make him more susceptible to the impacts of that phenomenon, including with regard to delinquent practices aimed at to the consumption of goods. Finally, in the seventh chapter, some attractions and risk factors for delinquency are studied, as well as some important protective factors to combat it, based on Criminology studies, raising criticisms regarding the weight of the State's failures. and Society, given the observation of life trajectories of children and adolescents marked by a lack of access to fundamental rights and guarantees. For all these reasons, in conclusion, it is pointed out that although the research problem is essentially a legal one, its answer needs to be achieved through interdisciplinarity with other areas of knowledge whose contents are indispensable to the discussion. And in this sense, considering the set of evidence studied, it is concluded that the age of 18 years is the most appropriate for the age of criminal responsibility, it is crucial, however, that the Law also reserves special criminal treatment for young people attributable to criminal offenses. under 21 years of age, so that they are not treated the same as adults. At this point, it is understood that the provision of a mitigating prison sentence based on age, rather than on a case-by-case analysis, and the existence of specific penal establishments for the execution of their sentences is considered appropriate.
Description
Keywords
Maioridade penal Direito e neurociências Delinquência juvenil Teses de mestrado - 2025 Criminal majority Law and neuroscience Juvenile delinquency