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Dismorfia muscular : quando tudo depende do espelho
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Introdução: A dismorfia muscular é uma perturbação da autoimagem caracterizada pela perceção de défice de muscularidade e volume corporal, originando pensamentos e comportamentos que se associam a disfunção emocional, social e/ou ocupacional. Objetivos: Este estudo visa investigar as particularidades da Dismorfia Muscular no adolescente e jovem adulto, contribuindo assim para a estruturação da evidência científica existente e identificação de linhas de investigação futura. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa da literatura com base na pesquisa das palavras-chave muscle dysmorphia, bigorexia AND (adolescents, young adults, women, transgender, sexual minority, steroids, suicide) nas bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE e ScienceDirect. Constituíram critérios de inclusão os artigos redigidos em português, inglês ou espanhol, que incidissem sobre a população adolescente ou jovem adulta. Resultados: A evidência existente sugere que os adolescentes e jovens adultos constituem grupos de risco para o desenvolvimento de dismorfia muscular e lesões relacionadas com a prática de musculação. Existe uma tendência de alteração do padrão de beleza feminino no sentido da magreza e hipermuscularidade. Relativamente à prevalência dos sintomas de dismorfia muscular, não se verificou uma diferença significativa entre homens cis- e transgénero, assim como entre homens hétero- e homossexuais, sendo a população não-binária e bissexual aparentemente menos suscetível de ser influenciada pelos padrões socioculturais de muscularidade. A dismorfia muscular associa-se frequentemente a comorbilidade psiquiátrica, nomeadamente consumo de esteróides anabolizantes e ideação suicida. Conclusão: A dismorfia muscular é uma perturbação de prevalência crescente. No entanto, trata-se de uma patologia pouco reconhecida pelos profissionais de saúde e do desporto, assim como pela população geral. É essencial aprofundar os conhecimentos nesta área de modo que a procura pela beleza estética não comprometa a saúde do adolescente e jovem adulto. Na viragem do novo milénio, existe uma consciência crescente de que a beleza nasce da interligação entre a aparência física e o bem-estar psicossocial.
Introduction: Muscle dysmorphia is a body image disorder characterized by the perception of a deficit in muscularity and body volume, leading to thoughts and behaviors associated with emotional, social and/or occupational dysfunction. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the particularities of Muscle Dysmorphia in adolescents and young adults, thereby contributing to the organization of existing scientific evidence and the identification of future research directions. Methodology: A narrative literature review was conducted based on the search of the keywords: muscle dysmorphia, bigorexia AND (adolescents, young adults, women, transgender, sexual minority, steroids, suicide) in the PubMed/MEDLINE and ScienceDirect databases. Inclusion criteria included articles written in Portuguese, English or Spanish, focusing on the adolescent or young adult population. Results: Existing evidence suggests that adolescents and young adults are at risk for developing muscle dysmorphia and injuries related to bodybuilding practices. There is also a trend shaping the evolution of the female beauty standard to encompass both thinness and hypermuscularity. Regarding the prevalence of muscle dysmorphia symptoms, no significant difference was observed between cis- and transgender men, nor between hetero- and homosexual men, with non-binary and bisexual individuals appearing less susceptible to sociocultural standards of muscularity. Muscle dysmorphia is frequently associated with psychiatric comorbidities, notably anabolic steroid use and suicidal ideation. Conclusion: Muscle dysmorphia is a disorder of increasing prevalence. However, it remains poorly recognized by health and sports professionals, as well as the general population. It is essential to deepen knowledge in this area so that the pursuit of aesthetic beauty does not compromise the health of adolescents and young adults. At the turn of the new millennium, there is a growing awareness that beauty arises from the interplay between physical appearance and psychosocial well-being.
Introduction: Muscle dysmorphia is a body image disorder characterized by the perception of a deficit in muscularity and body volume, leading to thoughts and behaviors associated with emotional, social and/or occupational dysfunction. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the particularities of Muscle Dysmorphia in adolescents and young adults, thereby contributing to the organization of existing scientific evidence and the identification of future research directions. Methodology: A narrative literature review was conducted based on the search of the keywords: muscle dysmorphia, bigorexia AND (adolescents, young adults, women, transgender, sexual minority, steroids, suicide) in the PubMed/MEDLINE and ScienceDirect databases. Inclusion criteria included articles written in Portuguese, English or Spanish, focusing on the adolescent or young adult population. Results: Existing evidence suggests that adolescents and young adults are at risk for developing muscle dysmorphia and injuries related to bodybuilding practices. There is also a trend shaping the evolution of the female beauty standard to encompass both thinness and hypermuscularity. Regarding the prevalence of muscle dysmorphia symptoms, no significant difference was observed between cis- and transgender men, nor between hetero- and homosexual men, with non-binary and bisexual individuals appearing less susceptible to sociocultural standards of muscularity. Muscle dysmorphia is frequently associated with psychiatric comorbidities, notably anabolic steroid use and suicidal ideation. Conclusion: Muscle dysmorphia is a disorder of increasing prevalence. However, it remains poorly recognized by health and sports professionals, as well as the general population. It is essential to deepen knowledge in this area so that the pursuit of aesthetic beauty does not compromise the health of adolescents and young adults. At the turn of the new millennium, there is a growing awareness that beauty arises from the interplay between physical appearance and psychosocial well-being.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2024
Palavras-chave
Dismorfia muscular Vigorexia Adolescentes Esteróides anabolizantes Jovens adultos Pediatria