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Subordinação e gestão algorítmica do trabalho e dos trabalhadores : uma análise a partir das plataformas de trabalho on demand no modelo Uber
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A Uberização do Trabalho é a nova etapa da reestruturação produtiva iniciada nos anos 70 do século XX. Possibilitada pela aceleração no desenvolvimento e integração das novas tecnologias da informação decorrentes da Revolução 4.0, ela impõe uma série de desafios à dogmática juslaboral clássica, criando zonas cinzentas na qualificação dos vínculos e gerando dificuldades de aplicação dos regimes protetivos típicos. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e jurídica, buscou-se verificar se as características do trabalho sob demanda por aplicações – em modelo semelhante ao do Uber – conformam uma nova dimensão de subordinação apta a justificar a incidência do sistema protetivo juslaboral, com os objetivos de compreender as transformações pelas quais passam as formas de trabalho em razão da era digital, caracterizar o trabalho sob demanda por aplicações, verificando o correto enquadramento e a compatibilidade dessas formas de trabalho com o sistema protetivo juslaboral. Concluiu-se, então, que no trabalho por plataformas do modelo Uber está efetivamente presente a subordinação, o que justifica a incidência de um regime normativo baseado nos princípios estruturantes do direito do trabalho, mas que não corresponde, totalmente, ao contrato de trabalho típico. Verificou-se, ainda, que em que pese o direito positivo português já tenha feito avanços, ainda não é capaz de fazer frente a todos os desafios impostos por essa modalidade de trabalho.
The Uberization of Work is the new stage of the productive restructuring that has began in the 70s of the 20th century. Made possible by the acceleration in the development and integration of new information technologies provenient from digital revolution, it poses a series of challenges to classic labor law dogmatics, creating gray areas in the legal qualification of relations and imposing difficulties in applying typical protective regimes. Through bibliographical and legal research, we sought to verify whether the characteristics of work on demand through applications – in a model similar to that one adopted by Uber – form a new dimension of subordination, capable of justifying the incidence of the labor protectitive system, in order to understand the transformations that forms of work underwent due to the digital era, characterize work on demand by applications, verify the correct framework and compatibility of these forms of work with the labor protectitive system, focusing, above all, on the Portuguese legal framework. We concluded, then, that in work on Uber model platforms subordination is effectively present, what justifies the incidence of a normative regime based on the structuring principles of labor law, but does not fully correspond to the typical employment contract. We also verified that, although Portuguese positive law has already made progress, it is still not capable of facing all the challenges imposed by this type of work.
The Uberization of Work is the new stage of the productive restructuring that has began in the 70s of the 20th century. Made possible by the acceleration in the development and integration of new information technologies provenient from digital revolution, it poses a series of challenges to classic labor law dogmatics, creating gray areas in the legal qualification of relations and imposing difficulties in applying typical protective regimes. Through bibliographical and legal research, we sought to verify whether the characteristics of work on demand through applications – in a model similar to that one adopted by Uber – form a new dimension of subordination, capable of justifying the incidence of the labor protectitive system, in order to understand the transformations that forms of work underwent due to the digital era, characterize work on demand by applications, verify the correct framework and compatibility of these forms of work with the labor protectitive system, focusing, above all, on the Portuguese legal framework. We concluded, then, that in work on Uber model platforms subordination is effectively present, what justifies the incidence of a normative regime based on the structuring principles of labor law, but does not fully correspond to the typical employment contract. We also verified that, although Portuguese positive law has already made progress, it is still not capable of facing all the challenges imposed by this type of work.
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Direito do trabalho Plataformas digitais Subordinação TVDE Teses de mestrado - 2024 Labour law Digital platforms Subordination TVDE