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Alqueva - Paisagem em transformação
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Resumo(s)
Alqueva is a paradigmatic case of landscape transformation.
This Project was thought in 1957 for the regional agricultural development. It has became, until its
construction date, a multi-proposal enterprise in which it was considered a strategic water reserve, the Guadiana
river regularization, electric energy production, public supply, water supply for the agricultural and industrial
activities, the tourism development and the fight against desertification. Indeed this complex process has been
absorbing the needs of time changes and society demands.
The creation of a vast water plan changed significantly the biophysical, patrimonial, cultural and economic
systems forecasting a general development of the socioeconomic system in which the tourism industry as an
important role. These outcomes are still to be assessed since its development is on an early stage.
It is expected that the population models develops as foreseen in the different touristic enterprises, bringing out
the new and true cultural and economic landscape, changing therefore the decline of the actual alentejano rural
space.
This thesis is conceived by three key points. The first one is about the evolutionary and socio cultural
description of Alqueva its place and territorial disturbances which began at the dam construction. The second
refers to the identification of the various actors contributions’ in this process. Institutions, promoters and
designers have been responsible for the formulation of the Alqueva development models, supported by their
specific points of view that in the ultimate sense define and format the Alqueva recovery strategy.
Therefore, the transformation perspectives and models developments of this landscape are seen from
different models: the institutional and political model (in which the entities in charge of the regulation and projects
approval has the responsibility); the economic model that is from the promoters responsibility; and the
architectural and landscape model designed by the designers teams responsible for the two holdings reviewed at
this thesis. At the end there are the final remarks in which is a statement review about the issues and the
expectations created about each model.
The plans made by the regulatory institutions were fundamental for the enlightening of the political and
institutional model actions. These determined, in general, the building densities and point out occupation models
based on the structure built in agricultural or natural being, in order to preserve the territorial structures
permanence that ensure the natural systems continuity in accordance with economic activities of soil use and
exploitation and of society integrated support.
The plans mention are the Regional Plan of the Alqueva Surrounding Area Planning (PROEZA), the Planning of
the Alqueva and Pedrogão Dams (POAAP), the Detailed Plan of the Herdade do Barrocal (PPHB) and the Urban
Plan of the Herdade do Mercador (PUHM).The projects promoters and market research companies expectation’s built the foundations to the defined
economic model foreseen, by the development of the aims and possibilities of the tourism industry in this region,
that are decided by agents such as the Tourism Strategic Council or the National Tourism Agency. These aims
combine the economical development principals through the implementation of contemporary touristic projects.
It is intended to preserve the landscape cultural value that underlies the concept of economic development
prevailing throughout the projects. The expression of the economic asset by tourism that represents the
landscape sustainability will respect the various marks in the territory and will provide a new expression of
contemporaneity brought up by the architectural expression of modernity anchored at a continuity process related
to the human activity with the territory, the landscape or the cultural and economical practices.
The architecture and landscape model that unfolds in each case of the study reflects about the space
development strategies used. For such it was selected a set of design tools which are understood, in this thesis,
as essential to the development of sustainable landscape models as well as significant at a cultural level. The
place interpretation based on the marks and signs understating, the reuse or reinvention of the tradition
construction processes and the typological and topological characteristics of the place allow us to understand the
landscape as a dynamic process and a integrated way of intervention.
These models, as well as the Mediterranean landscape dynamic, rely on occupation ways and on land
management inherent to the natural resources such as soil, water and vegetation. The architecture role is mainly
to support the sustained integration of the ecological and socio cultural factors in all its components.
The understanding of this model was made through the plans analysis’ and interpretation’s and by the constant
contact with the project’s designers and promoters, especially by ideas discussions of all the landscape
architectures involved in both projects. The knowledge about the references in a more explicit or implicit manner
emerged as key elements. Those ones bring a comparative reading between the Alqueva case and others that has
already been consolidated from similar programs.
This thesis is supported on a review of two enterprises – Herdade São Lourenço do Barrocal and Herdade do
Mercador – that are paradigmatic cases of innovation in quality of the product offered and ensuring the added
value to the local development. Their genesis issues are distinctive, both in terms of geological substrate or in
historic cultural context, or by the different relation and involvement with the Alqueva water plan: the first
contacts only with the water level in one of its limits; the second has a radical submersion leaving 1/3 of its
property free to the tourism programme implementation.
Those establish two starting points for very different programmes therefore with very different projects
responses that are explained both by its own natural and cultural systems and limitations knowledge. External
references were used as guidelines and assisted the project possibilities in defining the habitat at a yet unstable
landscape.
Descrição
Mestrado em Arquitectura Paisagista - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
Palavras-chave
Alqueva rural space landscape transformation tourism espaço rural paisagem turismo