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Fragmentação do sono induzida por patologia otorrinolaringológica e as implicações na homeostase
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Sabe-se que patologias como a rinite, o desvio do septo nasal, a hipertrofia dos adenoides e a SAOS são patologias com elevada prevalência em Portugal.
A rinite, o desvio do septo nasal e a hipertrofia dos adenoides são doenças que desencadeiam obstrução nasal ao passo que a SAOS é um distúrbio do sono que se associa primariamente a uma disfunção relativa do tónus muscular que leva à obstrução das VAS. Seja qual for o processo fisiopatológico envolvido, todas as doenças atrás referidas vão ter uma complicação comum: a fragmentação do sono.
É possível verificar em vários estudos científicos cuja área de estudo eram as patologias supra-referidas que a sintomatologia apresentada pelos pacientes incluía, frequentemente, a diminuição da qualidade do sono. Esta é quantificada, nos vários estudos, através das insónias, aumento da sonolência diurna e do número de despertares nocturnos.
A fragmentação do sono tem consequências nefastas ao nível da qualidade de vida do indivíduo. Para além disso, tem efeitos nocivos relativamente ao cumprimento das funções inerentes ao sono.
O sono tem sido muito estudado ao longo do tempo no sentido de estabelecer as possíveis funções que exerce. Desta forma, estão descritas como possíveis funções do sono a promoção de processos anabólicos, a termorregulação cerebral, a desintoxicação do cérebro, a estimulação da actividade do sistema imunológico, o aumento da líbido e o desenvolvimento e maturação do cérebro. Para além disso, está ainda descrito que o sono desempenha um papel importante na memória.
Torna-se, assim, importante efectuar um diagnóstico precoce dos distúrbios do sono e de patologias do foro rinológico bem como identificar sintomatologia associada ao sono visto que este desempenha funções importantes para a homeostase do organismo humano e para o bem-estar e qualidade de vida da própria pessoa. Após efectuado o diagnóstico, é crucial realizar o controlo da patologia com terapêutica apropriada.
It is known that pathologies like rhinitis, the deviation of the nasal septum, the hypertrophy of the adenoids and OSA are pathologies with high prevalence in Portugal. Rhinitis, nasal septum deviation and adenoids hypertrophy are illnesses that trigger nasal obstruction while OSA is a sleep disturbance that is primarily associated to a relative dysfunction of the muscular tonus that leads to upper airways obstruction. Whatever pathophysiological process involved, all illnesses previously mentioned will have a common complication: sleep fragmentation. It’s possible to note that in various scientific studies which the work area were the previously mentioned pathologies, the symptomatology referred by the patients often included the decrease of sleep quality. This is quantified, in various studies, through insomnia, increase of daily sleepiness and the number of nocturnal awakenings. Sleep fragmentation has harmful consequences on the individual’s life quality. Besides, it has noxious effects on the fulfilment of the inherent functions of sleep. Sleep has been studied through time to establish the possible function it exerts. The possible functions of sleep are described as the promotion of anabolic processes, the cerebral thermoregulation, the brain’s detoxification, the stimulation of the activity of the immune system, the increased libido and the development and maturation of the brain. In addition, it’s described that sleep plays an important role in memory. It then becomes important to do an early diagnosis of sleep disorders and rhinological pathologies as well as identify symptomatology linked to sleep since it plays important functions to the homeostasis of the human body, to the wellbeing and life quality of the person. After the diagnosis is made, it’s crucial to control the pathology with appropriated therapeutic.
It is known that pathologies like rhinitis, the deviation of the nasal septum, the hypertrophy of the adenoids and OSA are pathologies with high prevalence in Portugal. Rhinitis, nasal septum deviation and adenoids hypertrophy are illnesses that trigger nasal obstruction while OSA is a sleep disturbance that is primarily associated to a relative dysfunction of the muscular tonus that leads to upper airways obstruction. Whatever pathophysiological process involved, all illnesses previously mentioned will have a common complication: sleep fragmentation. It’s possible to note that in various scientific studies which the work area were the previously mentioned pathologies, the symptomatology referred by the patients often included the decrease of sleep quality. This is quantified, in various studies, through insomnia, increase of daily sleepiness and the number of nocturnal awakenings. Sleep fragmentation has harmful consequences on the individual’s life quality. Besides, it has noxious effects on the fulfilment of the inherent functions of sleep. Sleep has been studied through time to establish the possible function it exerts. The possible functions of sleep are described as the promotion of anabolic processes, the cerebral thermoregulation, the brain’s detoxification, the stimulation of the activity of the immune system, the increased libido and the development and maturation of the brain. In addition, it’s described that sleep plays an important role in memory. It then becomes important to do an early diagnosis of sleep disorders and rhinological pathologies as well as identify symptomatology linked to sleep since it plays important functions to the homeostasis of the human body, to the wellbeing and life quality of the person. After the diagnosis is made, it’s crucial to control the pathology with appropriated therapeutic.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2018
Palavras-chave
Fragmentação do sono Funções do sono Homeostase Obstrução VAS Otorrinolaringologia