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Os incêndios urbanos são uma das principais ameaças à segurança da população urbana.
Dado o seu contexto espacial, têm um impacto direto na economia, nos habitantes, na
destruição de propriedade e património na comunidade. Em Portugal, especificamente na área
metropolitana de Lisboa (AML), observou-se que, entre 2006 e 2020, 74,1% dos incêndios
urbanos ocorreram em edifícios residenciais, tendo sido registados 150 mortos e 275 vítimas
com ferimentos graves. Apesar dos danos causados pelos incêndios urbanos na AML e da
importância deste tema, a literatura é escassa em estudos científicos sobre os fatores de
predisposição da suscetibilidade a incêndios urbanos residenciais (IUR) e sobre o zonamento
da suscetibilidade a nível das freguesias e dos edifícios. A presente dissertação procura
preencher essa lacuna, propondo um modelo de suscetibilidade a IUR utilizando o método do
Valor Informativo (VI), um conjunto de dados censitários de fatores de predisposição
socioeconómicos e de construção, e uma base de dados de incêndios urbanos da Autoridade
Nacional de Emergência e Proteção Civil (ANEPC) para o período de 2006–2020. Os
resultados sugerem que os municípios suburbanos mais próximos de Lisboa registam a maior
suscetibilidade a IUR, sendo a fonte de ignição elétrica responsável por 56% das ocorrências.
Utilizando técnicas de informação geográfica, este estudo contribui para a compreensão da
suscetibilidade a incêndios urbanos residenciais na AML e os seus resultados podem servir
de suporte à construção de estratégias adequadas de redução de risco e elaboração de
políticas públicas para um planeamento urbano adequado e eficaz em áreas metropolitanas.
Urban fires represent a significant threat to urban areas, directly affecting the economy, population safety, and causing property loss and destruction of built heritage. In Portugal, specifically in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (AML), it was observed that, between 2006 and 2020, 74,1% of urban fires occurred in residential buildings. These incidents resulted in 150 deaths and 275 serious injuries. However, despite the importance of this topic, the literature is scarce in scientific studies on the factors that increase susceptibility to residential fires and on mapping this susceptibility at the parish and building levels in the AML. This study seeks to fill this gap by proposing a model for assessing susceptibility to urban residential fires (IUR). The model is based on the Information Value method and includes a set of 14 independent variables related to the socioeconomic characteristics of the population and buildings. The dataset used includes various variables from the National Authority for Emergency and Civil Protection (ANEPC) urban fire database and other census variables related to the AML for the period from 2006 to 2020. The results indicate that the suburban municipalities closest to Lisbon are the most susceptible to residential fires, with the most common ignition source being electrical, accounting for 56%. This study contributes to the understanding of urban fire susceptibility in the AML, and its results can support the formulation of public policies, the development of risk reduction strategies, and more efficient and effective urban planning.
Urban fires represent a significant threat to urban areas, directly affecting the economy, population safety, and causing property loss and destruction of built heritage. In Portugal, specifically in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (AML), it was observed that, between 2006 and 2020, 74,1% of urban fires occurred in residential buildings. These incidents resulted in 150 deaths and 275 serious injuries. However, despite the importance of this topic, the literature is scarce in scientific studies on the factors that increase susceptibility to residential fires and on mapping this susceptibility at the parish and building levels in the AML. This study seeks to fill this gap by proposing a model for assessing susceptibility to urban residential fires (IUR). The model is based on the Information Value method and includes a set of 14 independent variables related to the socioeconomic characteristics of the population and buildings. The dataset used includes various variables from the National Authority for Emergency and Civil Protection (ANEPC) urban fire database and other census variables related to the AML for the period from 2006 to 2020. The results indicate that the suburban municipalities closest to Lisbon are the most susceptible to residential fires, with the most common ignition source being electrical, accounting for 56%. This study contributes to the understanding of urban fire susceptibility in the AML, and its results can support the formulation of public policies, the development of risk reduction strategies, and more efficient and effective urban planning.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Incêndios Urbanos Modelo de suscetibilidade a incêndios Área Metropolitana de Lisboa Sistemas de Informação Geográfica SIG
