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Estilos de parentalidade em diferentes contextos sociais e culturais
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Este estudo analisa os estilos de parentalidade de acordo com os modelos de Baumrind (1967, 1971) e Maccoby e Martin (1981), que combinam as dimensões de responsividade e exigência dos pais, nos estilos autoritativo, autoritário, indulgente e negligente. Os estilos parentais representam um fator proximal no desenvolvimento das crianças e adolescentes, com papel chave na socialização e na adaptação ao mundo académico, social e vocacional. A investigação usou a Escala de Exigência e Responsividade desenvolvida por Costa, Teixeira e Gomes (2000) e um Questionário de Dados Pessoais, numa amostra de estudantes (N = 259), com média etária 14,8 (DP 1,29). Nos resultados, salientam-se os coeficientes alfa de Cronbach que são superiores a 0.80, os dados da análise em componentes principais, com rotação varimax, cuja estrutura de quatro fatores corresponde às escalas de exigência e responsividade das mães e dos pais. Também se sublinha que os resultados médios das mães em responsividade e exigência são superiores aos dos pais, e que as diferenças das médias pela naturalidade dos pais e das mães mostram que há efeito das variáveis culturais nos padrões educacionais das famílias com naturalidade portuguesa e africana. De referir ainda que, nesta amostra, são predominantes os estilos autoritativo-democrático e negligente. Na discussão, enfatizam-se os indicadores psicométicos das escalas e da pertinência de considerar estas dimensões familiares nas intervenções com crianças e adolescentes, e com pais.
This study analyzes the styles of parenting according to Baumrind (1967, 1971) and Maccoby and Martin models´s (1981), which combine the dimensions of responsiveness and demandingness of parents to authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent and negligent styles. The parenting styles represent a proximal fator in the development of children and adolescents, with a key role in the socialization and adaptation to academic, social and vocational world. The research used the Demandingness and Responsiveness Scale that was developed by Costa, Teixeira and Gomes (2000) and Personal Data Questionnaire on a sample of students (N = 259), with mean age 14.8 (SD 1.29). The results point out the Cronbach alpha coefficients that are greater than 0.80, the analysis results in principal components with varimax rotation which structure represents four fators that correspond to the Demandingness and Responsiveness scales of mothers and fathers. Also points out that the means results of the mothers in demandingness and responsiveness are higher than those of their parents, and that differences between means by the naturalness of fathers and mothers show an effect of cultural variables in the educational standards of families from Portuguese and African cultures. Also note that, in this sample, the authoritative-democratic and negligent styles are prevalent. The discussion emphasizes the psychometric indicators of scales and relevance to consider the familiar dimensions in interventions with children and adolescents, and parents.
This study analyzes the styles of parenting according to Baumrind (1967, 1971) and Maccoby and Martin models´s (1981), which combine the dimensions of responsiveness and demandingness of parents to authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent and negligent styles. The parenting styles represent a proximal fator in the development of children and adolescents, with a key role in the socialization and adaptation to academic, social and vocational world. The research used the Demandingness and Responsiveness Scale that was developed by Costa, Teixeira and Gomes (2000) and Personal Data Questionnaire on a sample of students (N = 259), with mean age 14.8 (SD 1.29). The results point out the Cronbach alpha coefficients that are greater than 0.80, the analysis results in principal components with varimax rotation which structure represents four fators that correspond to the Demandingness and Responsiveness scales of mothers and fathers. Also points out that the means results of the mothers in demandingness and responsiveness are higher than those of their parents, and that differences between means by the naturalness of fathers and mothers show an effect of cultural variables in the educational standards of families from Portuguese and African cultures. Also note that, in this sample, the authoritative-democratic and negligent styles are prevalent. The discussion emphasizes the psychometric indicators of scales and relevance to consider the familiar dimensions in interventions with children and adolescents, and parents.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Psicologia da Educação e da Orientação), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2016
Palavras-chave
Estilos parentais Género Cultura Precisão Validade Teses de mestrado - 2016