| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.6 MB | Adobe PDF |
Autores
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O montado Ă© um sistema agro-silvo-pastoril constituĂdo por um coberto de ĂĄrvores de variĂĄveis densidades, aliado a diferentes tipos de sobcoberto, que incluem pastagens, campos cerealĂferos e mato. As alteraçÔes de origem antropogĂ©nica tĂȘm vindo a criar um mosaico de habitats heterogĂ©neos que suporta uma grande variedade de espĂ©cies, mas a sua importĂąncia biolĂłgica sĂł Ă© possĂvel atravĂ©s da manutenção e gestĂŁo eficiente da sua complexa estrutura vegetal. Os morcegos sĂŁo um grupo que desempenha um papel indispensĂĄvel nestes sistemas. Uma vez que todos os morcegos do nosso paĂs sĂŁo insectĂvoros, contribuem para o controle das populaçÔes de insectos. Contudo, a intensificação da agricultura e alteração da estrutura deste habitat podem ameaçar os morcegos, por redução de habitat adequado e abrigos. Para desenvolver planos de gestĂŁo do montado que permitam compatibilizar a preservação dos morcegos com o seu uso pelo Homem, Ă© necessĂĄrio conhecer melhor a forma como este grupo utiliza o habitat e parĂąmetros que o afectam, nomeadamente a estrutura da sua vegetação. Assim, este estudo pretende verificar a existĂȘncia de uma relação entre a actividade de morcegos e a estrutura da vegetação no montado e, para isso, comparou-se a riqueza e actividade de espĂ©cies de morcego em dois tipos de habitat diferentes - montado sem mato e montado com vegetação arbustiva. AlĂ©m disso, foram tambĂ©m avaliadas a abundĂąncia de presas e que outros parĂąmetros do habitat e da estrutura da vegetação afectam a actividade dos morcegos. Para isso foram registados os sinais de ecolocalização dos morcegos e, simultaneamente, capturados insectos em 5 montados de diferentes zonas do Alentejo, sendo a presença de espĂ©cies relacionada com vĂĄrios parĂąmetros da vegetação. A quantidade de alimento Ă© maior nos montados com mato, embora nĂŁo seja uma diferença significativa. Verificou-se que a actividade total dos morcegos Ă© maior em ĂĄreas prĂłximas de ĂĄgua e com menor densidade de ĂĄrvores altas. Apenas P. pygmaeus aparenta preferir maior densidade de ĂĄrvores. A presença de mato parece ser importante para a actividade total e, tambĂ©m, para quase todos os grupos de morcegos, Ă excepção de Myotis spp. que aparenta preferir zonas sem mato. A abundĂąncia de artrĂłpodes Ă© tambĂ©m importante para a actividade total, particularmente para P. kuhlii.
The montado is an agro-silvo-pastoral system, with highly variable tree cover density, along with a mosaic of grasses, cereals and shrubs, each contributing in its own way to the system. Years of anthropogenic changes in land use created a heterogeneous mosaic of habitats that supports many different animal and plant species. This biological importance is only possible through an efficient management of montadoâs complex vegetation structure. Bats play a very important role in these systems. All bat species in our country are insectivorous, which means they help control insect populations. However, agriculture intensification and habitat structure changes may threaten bats, by reducing adequate habitat and availability of roosts. It is necessary to understand more about this groupâs habitat use and what kinds of factors affect it, especially in regard to the vegetation structure, to be able to develop adequate conservation plans. The main goal of this study was to verify the relation between bat activity and the vegetation structure within montado. In order to reach that goal, we compared the richness and activity of bat species in two different habitat types, montado with and without a shrubby understory. Abundance of prey and other factors of the habitat and the vegetation structure that may affect the activity of bats were also evaluated. Bat echolocation signals were registered, along with simultaneous insect capture by light traps, in 5 different montados of Portugal, in the region of Alentejo. Although not significantly different, the abundance of prey is greater in montados with shrubby understory. Total bat activity is higher in areas closer to water with smaller tree density and taller trees. Only P. pygmaeus appears to prefer greater tree densities. Shrubby understory seems to be important for total bat activity, as well as for most other groups studied, except for Myotis spp., which seems to prefer areas without shrubs. Prey abundance seems to also be important for total bat activity and, in particular, for P. kuhlii.
The montado is an agro-silvo-pastoral system, with highly variable tree cover density, along with a mosaic of grasses, cereals and shrubs, each contributing in its own way to the system. Years of anthropogenic changes in land use created a heterogeneous mosaic of habitats that supports many different animal and plant species. This biological importance is only possible through an efficient management of montadoâs complex vegetation structure. Bats play a very important role in these systems. All bat species in our country are insectivorous, which means they help control insect populations. However, agriculture intensification and habitat structure changes may threaten bats, by reducing adequate habitat and availability of roosts. It is necessary to understand more about this groupâs habitat use and what kinds of factors affect it, especially in regard to the vegetation structure, to be able to develop adequate conservation plans. The main goal of this study was to verify the relation between bat activity and the vegetation structure within montado. In order to reach that goal, we compared the richness and activity of bat species in two different habitat types, montado with and without a shrubby understory. Abundance of prey and other factors of the habitat and the vegetation structure that may affect the activity of bats were also evaluated. Bat echolocation signals were registered, along with simultaneous insect capture by light traps, in 5 different montados of Portugal, in the region of Alentejo. Although not significantly different, the abundance of prey is greater in montados with shrubby understory. Total bat activity is higher in areas closer to water with smaller tree density and taller trees. Only P. pygmaeus appears to prefer greater tree densities. Shrubby understory seems to be important for total bat activity, as well as for most other groups studied, except for Myotis spp., which seems to prefer areas without shrubs. Prey abundance seems to also be important for total bat activity and, in particular, for P. kuhlii.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado. Biologia (Biologia da Conservação). Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de CiĂȘncias, 2013
Palavras-chave
Morcegos Montado Conservação da natureza Alentejo - Portugal Teses de mestrado - 2013
