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Evolução histórica da prova em processo penal : do pensamento mágico à razão : a investigação do crime organizado no Estado de direito
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A necessidade de enfrentar novas formas e expressões de criminalidade, colocam a ciência criminal perante inauditos desafios e na procura de novos caminhos que, por regra, restringem a sua função garantística e descaracterizam a sua matriz humanista.
A tendência neocriminalizadora e o aumento do eficientismo penal, conferem-lhe uma natureza e um âmbito de ação, em muitos aspetos incompatíveis com princípios estruturante do Estado de Direito de cujos valores é suposto emanar.
Tais tendências estão particularmente presentes no domínio processual, onde se concentram e densificam as soluções e a utensilagem jurídica tida por necessária a alcançar novos objetivos, designadamente os chamados meios ocultos ou especiais de prova.
Uma visitação histórica aos sistemas de produção probatória e à sua evolução à luz dos valores civilizacionais, bem como a compreensão sócio criminológica dos atuais paradigmas e novas ameaças criminais, permitem, resistindo ao apelo securitário, formular propostas e soluções de compromisso, possíveis, entre a eficácia desejada e legalidade necessária, através de uma investigação criminal judicializada, no respeito pelo princípio da separação de poderes, próprio dos Estados de Direito.
The need to address new forms and expressions of crime place the criminal science before unprecedented challenges and in the search for new paths which, as a rule, limit its protective role and detract it from its humanistic nature. The neo-criminalizing trend and the increase in the criminal efficiency grant the criminal science with a nature and scope of action, which is in many regards inconsistent with the underlying principles of the Rule of Law, from whose values it is supposed to derive. Such trends are especially present from a procedural point of view, where the legal solutions and tools necessary to achieve new goals are concentrated and compacted, notably the so-called “concealed means” or special means of proof. An historic visit to the systems of taking evidence and to the evolution thereof in light of the civilizational values, as well as the social- and criminology-based understanding of the current criminal paradigms and new criminal threats allow (by resisting the call for securitarianism) for possible proposals and compromise solutions to be shaped, between the intended effectiveness and the required lawfulness, through a judicialized criminal investigation, respecting the principle of separation of powers, which is common to the States observing the Rule of Law.
The need to address new forms and expressions of crime place the criminal science before unprecedented challenges and in the search for new paths which, as a rule, limit its protective role and detract it from its humanistic nature. The neo-criminalizing trend and the increase in the criminal efficiency grant the criminal science with a nature and scope of action, which is in many regards inconsistent with the underlying principles of the Rule of Law, from whose values it is supposed to derive. Such trends are especially present from a procedural point of view, where the legal solutions and tools necessary to achieve new goals are concentrated and compacted, notably the so-called “concealed means” or special means of proof. An historic visit to the systems of taking evidence and to the evolution thereof in light of the civilizational values, as well as the social- and criminology-based understanding of the current criminal paradigms and new criminal threats allow (by resisting the call for securitarianism) for possible proposals and compromise solutions to be shaped, between the intended effectiveness and the required lawfulness, through a judicialized criminal investigation, respecting the principle of separation of powers, which is common to the States observing the Rule of Law.
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Processo penal Prova Crime organizado Estado de direito Teses de mestrado - 2018