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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O presente trabalho inscreve-se no âmbito do estudo dos fenómenos de transição e adaptação dos
jovens estudantes ao Ensino Superior e visa contribuir para uma melhor compreensão dos
fenómenos de adaptação vivenciados pelos estudantes e percepcionados pelos professores, bem
como das suas concepções sobre os mecanismos de apoio à adaptação que a instituição de
acolhimento pode adoptar.
Com carácter exploratório e tendo em vista fundamentar eventuais intervenções futuras, fomos
rever estudos e trabalhos de investigação que exploram ou justificam, à luz das recentes correntes
da psicologia do desenvolvimento e da educação, a problemática da transição e adaptação ao
Ensino Superior em Portugal, procurando ainda contextualizar o estudo nos desafios que a
comunidade académica enfrenta, neste início do terceiro milénio, em particular à luz da
implementação do chamado "Processo de Bolonha".
O estudo empírico foi realizado na Escola Superior de Dança (ESD) do Instituto Politécnico de
Lisboa, visando diagnosticar as diferenças entre as dificuldades de adaptação manifestadas pelos
estudantes do 1° ano de outros cursos (estudos já realizados no nosso país) e as manifestadas
pelos estudantes do Ensino Artístico. Assim, tornaram-se objectivos da nossa investigação estudar
e diagnosticar 1) As dificuldades que os estudantes sentem ao ingressar na Escola Superior de
Dança, designadamente no que concerne às rupturas e mudanças sentidas, e as estratégias
utilizadas para as ultrapassar; 2) As dificuldades percepcionadas pelos professores do 1º ano,
relativamente aos novos alunos, e os métodos que utilizam para a sua integração, bem como as
propostas de defendem como forma de intervenção da Escola; 3) O enquadramento destas
questõés noutros estudos da mesma natureza, realizados para outras instituições, tentando
identificar novas dimensões a ter em conta quando projectamos estes estudos para os estudantes
do Ensino Artístico, em particular na área da dança;
A nossa amostra foi constituída pelos estudantes que frequentaram o 1º ano da ESD no ano lectivo
de 2004/2005 e por quatro professores que leccionam disciplinas do 1º ano.
Como instrumentos de recolha de dados foram utilizados dois questionários junto dos estudantes:
um primeiro questionário de caracterização da população por nós construído e um segundo
questionário já construído e validado no nosso país - Questionário de Adaptação ao Ensino
Superior (QAES, Lemos, Lencastre, Guerra e Pereira, 2001), e um guião de uma entrevista a
realizar aos quatro professores selecionados.
Os resultados obtidos indicaram que, de uma forma geral, as dificuldades de adaptação ao Ensino
Superior diagnosticadas noutros estudos realizados no nosso país, nos domínios académico, biopsicológico
e sócio-relacional, estão também presentes nos estudantes da Escola Superior de
Dança.
Podemos no entanto acrescentar, como dimensões específicas desta área do conhecimento, a
heterogeneidade de formações anteriores em dança dos estudantes, o seu baixo nível de
preparação física para realizar um curso desta natureza, e o baixo nível de maturidade artística e
expressiva, que vai fazer com que sintam dificuldades em acompanhar as aulas.
O grande número de estudantes deslocados e a enorme carga horária a que estão sujeitos num
curso deste tipo revelou também que todos os aspectos relacionados com a dimensão sóciorelacional
assumem uma importância acrescida, e que tanto a Instituição Escola Superior de
Dança como a sua Associação de Estudantes podem desempenhar um papel importante para
minorar as dificuldades de adaptação social e relacional manifestadas pelos estudantes.
As principais limitações do trabalho ligaram-se à dificuldade em encontrar literatura específica
sobre o Ensino Artístico, e à inexistência de instrumentos de recolha de dados especificamente
construídos e validados para a população em questão, com todas as suas particularidades.
Com base na literatura revista e na discussão dos resultados, são sugeridos alguns
desenvolvimentos futuros, ficando, no entanto, a convicção de que muito se pode fazer para
contribuir para minorar as dificuldades de adaptação manifestadas pelos estudantes da ESD.
The present work is included is the studies of transition and adjustment of freshman students to college and pretends to contribute to a better understanding of all the: adjustment phenomena experienced by the students and perceived by the teachers as well as their ideas.about what kind of support can and should the College adopt to help their freshman to adjust. With exploratory character and guided to basis potential intervenes in this ambit, we. re-examine literature and recent works, which explore and justify, in light of developmental and educational psychology, the phenomena of transition and adjustment to college in Portugal, seeking to do it within the context of the present challenges that the academic community faces in this beginning of the third millennium, in light of the so called "Bolonha Process". Our empirical study was done in the "Escola Superior de Dança" (ESD) and aimed to diagnose differences between the difficulties of freshman adjustment found in other studies, done within other colleges in Portugal, and those manifested by Portuguese art students, particularly in the dance field. Therefore our objective became to study and diagnose: 1) the challenges and difficulties that freshman dance students face as well as the strategies used to overcome them; 2) the perceptions that teachers have of the challenges that freshman students face and the methods and strategies they use and think college should provide; 3) cross the results of our study with the results of other similar studies made in Portugal and identify that with is specific of art students adjustment, in: the dance field. The study comprised the first year students of Dance School in the School year of 2004/2005 as well as four teachers of the first year. The instruments used were two questionnaires to the students: the first one just to characterise the population, and a second one already done and validated in our country - Questionário de Adaptação ao Ensino Superior (QAES, Lemos, Lencastre, Guerra e Pereira, 2000), and an interview to the four selected teachers. The results show that generally the adjustment challenges faced by dance students in the academic, bio physiologic and socio-relational fields, are similar to the ones found in other similar studies done in Portugal. However we can point, as specific adjustment dimensions of dance students, the very different degrees of dance preparation they bring, the very low degree of physical preparation they have to do a dance course at this level, and their lack of artistic and expressive maturity, that will add difficulties in adjust to the classes. The number of students that leave their home to come to dance school and the amount of daily class hours seams to be also a factor that adds to the social and relational challenges faced, and indicates that both the School and the Students Association can have an important role in helping freshman to cope with the various adjustment challenges. The main limitations in this study are related to the difficulty in finding specific literature on artistic teaching and to the fact that there were no specific instruments, built and validated to this specific population. Based on the literature review and on the presented and discussed results, we include some suggestions to future developments and interventions.
The present work is included is the studies of transition and adjustment of freshman students to college and pretends to contribute to a better understanding of all the: adjustment phenomena experienced by the students and perceived by the teachers as well as their ideas.about what kind of support can and should the College adopt to help their freshman to adjust. With exploratory character and guided to basis potential intervenes in this ambit, we. re-examine literature and recent works, which explore and justify, in light of developmental and educational psychology, the phenomena of transition and adjustment to college in Portugal, seeking to do it within the context of the present challenges that the academic community faces in this beginning of the third millennium, in light of the so called "Bolonha Process". Our empirical study was done in the "Escola Superior de Dança" (ESD) and aimed to diagnose differences between the difficulties of freshman adjustment found in other studies, done within other colleges in Portugal, and those manifested by Portuguese art students, particularly in the dance field. Therefore our objective became to study and diagnose: 1) the challenges and difficulties that freshman dance students face as well as the strategies used to overcome them; 2) the perceptions that teachers have of the challenges that freshman students face and the methods and strategies they use and think college should provide; 3) cross the results of our study with the results of other similar studies made in Portugal and identify that with is specific of art students adjustment, in: the dance field. The study comprised the first year students of Dance School in the School year of 2004/2005 as well as four teachers of the first year. The instruments used were two questionnaires to the students: the first one just to characterise the population, and a second one already done and validated in our country - Questionário de Adaptação ao Ensino Superior (QAES, Lemos, Lencastre, Guerra e Pereira, 2000), and an interview to the four selected teachers. The results show that generally the adjustment challenges faced by dance students in the academic, bio physiologic and socio-relational fields, are similar to the ones found in other similar studies done in Portugal. However we can point, as specific adjustment dimensions of dance students, the very different degrees of dance preparation they bring, the very low degree of physical preparation they have to do a dance course at this level, and their lack of artistic and expressive maturity, that will add difficulties in adjust to the classes. The number of students that leave their home to come to dance school and the amount of daily class hours seams to be also a factor that adds to the social and relational challenges faced, and indicates that both the School and the Students Association can have an important role in helping freshman to cope with the various adjustment challenges. The main limitations in this study are related to the difficulty in finding specific literature on artistic teaching and to the fact that there were no specific instruments, built and validated to this specific population. Based on the literature review and on the presented and discussed results, we include some suggestions to future developments and interventions.
Descrição
Tese de Mestrado em Ciências da Educação (Área de Especialização em Pedagogia do Ensino Superior) apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, 2006
Palavras-chave
Teses de mestrado - 2006 Transição Adaptação Sucesso educativo Ensino superior - Portugal Dança
