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O presente trabalho explora o instituto da exclusão de sócio nas sociedades comerciais, com especial foco na evolução histórica, enquadramento legal e aplicação prática do instituto. Analisam-se os pressupostos, os procedimentos e os efeitos jurídicos da exclusão, considerando a sua relevância para a proteção do interesse coletivo da sociedade e a salvaguarda dos interesses de cada um dos sócios. O presente estudo examina ainda o enquadramento jurídico nos termos que resultam do Código das Sociedades Comerciais, identificando as causas legais e estatutárias que podem justificar a exclusão do sócio, bem como a importância da proporcionalidade e da justiça na aplicação deste instituto. Adicionalmente, procede-se ainda a uma análise comparativa com outros ordenamentos jurídicos, como o espanhol, francês, alemão e brasileiro, destacando as diferenças nas soluções legislativas. Por fim, além de destrinçarmos as diferenças com figuras próximas, como a exoneração de sócios e a amortização de quotas, tocamos ainda no tema da admissibilidade da exclusão nas sociedades anónimas, apresentando sempre contributos doutrinários e jurisprudenciais que enriquecem a reflexão sobre o tema.
This study examines the legal framework of shareholder exclusion in commercial companies, with a particular focus on its historical evolution, legal framework and practical implications. The analysis explores the prerequisites, procedural requirements, and legal consequences of exclusion, emphasizing its critical role in safeguarding the collective interests of the company while balancing the individual rights of shareholders. Within the context of the Portuguese Commercial Companies Code, the study identifies legal and contractual grounds that justify exclusion, underlining the principles of proportionality and equity that govern its application. Furthermore, a comparative legal analysis is undertaken, encompassing the Spanish, French, German, and Brazilian legal systems, to highlight divergences in legislative approaches. Lastly, the study delineates distinctions between exclusion and related concepts, such as shareholder withdrawal and quota amortization, while addressing the contentious issue of exclusion's admissibility in public limited companies, always presenting doctrinal and jurisprudential contributions that enrich the reflection on the subject.
This study examines the legal framework of shareholder exclusion in commercial companies, with a particular focus on its historical evolution, legal framework and practical implications. The analysis explores the prerequisites, procedural requirements, and legal consequences of exclusion, emphasizing its critical role in safeguarding the collective interests of the company while balancing the individual rights of shareholders. Within the context of the Portuguese Commercial Companies Code, the study identifies legal and contractual grounds that justify exclusion, underlining the principles of proportionality and equity that govern its application. Furthermore, a comparative legal analysis is undertaken, encompassing the Spanish, French, German, and Brazilian legal systems, to highlight divergences in legislative approaches. Lastly, the study delineates distinctions between exclusion and related concepts, such as shareholder withdrawal and quota amortization, while addressing the contentious issue of exclusion's admissibility in public limited companies, always presenting doctrinal and jurisprudential contributions that enrich the reflection on the subject.
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Keywords
Exclusão de sócios Sociedades comerciais Direito societário Teses de mestrado - 2025 Shareholder exclusion Commercial companies Corporate law