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Crenças e representações da gravidez na educação para a saúde
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O presente trabalho traduz-se num estudo de caso realizado numa maternidade
central, em que se procura, fundamentalmente, conhecer até que ponto as crenças e
representações sociais da gravidez são integradas na prática da educação para a saúde,
pelos médicos e enfermeiros e como essa integração pode determinar uma maior e
melhor adequação das práticas destes profissionais na educação para a saúde das
grávidas, pelo reconhecimento, integração e compreensão da acção destas crenças e
representações sociais nas atitudes e comportamentos das grávidas, face à gravidez.
Para a colheita de informação recorreu-se à entrevista semi-estruturada a uma
amostra de grávidas, outra de médicos e outra de enfermeiros, no serviço de consultas
externas daquela maternidade.
Foram feitas, ainda, observações de diversas situações inerentes ao circuito da
grávida no serviço em causa: entrevista da grávida pelo enfermeiro, consulta médica e
sessões de educação para a saúde.
O tratamento dessa informação foi feito através da análise do conteúdo das
entrevistas, cruzada com a informação recolhida através de observação participante,
privilegiando-se uma perspectiva qualitativa.
Das conclusões, destacamos:
- A representação da gravidez, pelas grávidas, traduz-se, fundamentalmente,
em três ideias: a gravidez como um estado de saúde ou como um estado de doença ou,
ainda, como, simplesmente, uma transformação do corpo.
- A formação dos técnicos de saúde parece não introduzir diferenciações
internas no grupo dos médicos e no grupo dos enfermeiros, relativas ao modelo das
práticas de educação para a saúde, mas parece ser determinante e diferenciadora das
práticas entre estes dois grupos de profissionais.
- A integração das crenças, pelos enfermeiros, na educação para a saúde é feita
ocasionalmente, facto que, relativamente aos médicos, passa despercebido.
- As crenças determinam, nas grávidas, comportamentos e atitudes com vista a
preservar o bem estar do filho.
The present work translates a case study accomplished in a central maternity, through which we basically try to understand how deep the beliefs and social representations o f pregnancy are integrated into the practice of an education for health both by doctors and nurses and in what what way that integration may determine a higher and better adequacy of the pratices of those professionals, in the education for health of the pregnants, by the recognition, integration and understanding of the action of those beliefs and social representations on the attitudes and behaviours of the pregnants towards pregnancy. To gather the information we applied the half-structured interview to a sample of pregnant women, to doctors and to nurses of the out-patient department of that maternity. Observations of different situations closely connected to the circuit of a pregnant woman in the refered service were made: the nurse interview to the pregnant, medical appointment and education for health sessions. The treatment of the information was made through the analysis of the interviews contents, crossed with the information collected through a participant observation, being favoured a perspective of quality. From the conclusions, we point out: - The representation of pregnancy in the pregnant women basically involves three ideas: pregnancy as a state of health or as a state of illness or still and simply as a tmsformation of their bodies; - The preparation of the health technicians doesn't seem to introduce internal differentiations related to the model for the pratices of an education for health either into the doctors group or into the nurses group, but it appears to be determinant and differentiating of the practices between these two groups of professionals. - The integration of the beliefs in the education for health is done by the nurses occasionally what, as far as the doctors are concerned, is overlooked; - The beliefs determine, in the pregnant women, behaviours and attitudes in order to preserve their child’s wellbeing.
The present work translates a case study accomplished in a central maternity, through which we basically try to understand how deep the beliefs and social representations o f pregnancy are integrated into the practice of an education for health both by doctors and nurses and in what what way that integration may determine a higher and better adequacy of the pratices of those professionals, in the education for health of the pregnants, by the recognition, integration and understanding of the action of those beliefs and social representations on the attitudes and behaviours of the pregnants towards pregnancy. To gather the information we applied the half-structured interview to a sample of pregnant women, to doctors and to nurses of the out-patient department of that maternity. Observations of different situations closely connected to the circuit of a pregnant woman in the refered service were made: the nurse interview to the pregnant, medical appointment and education for health sessions. The treatment of the information was made through the analysis of the interviews contents, crossed with the information collected through a participant observation, being favoured a perspective of quality. From the conclusions, we point out: - The representation of pregnancy in the pregnant women basically involves three ideas: pregnancy as a state of health or as a state of illness or still and simply as a tmsformation of their bodies; - The preparation of the health technicians doesn't seem to introduce internal differentiations related to the model for the pratices of an education for health either into the doctors group or into the nurses group, but it appears to be determinant and differentiating of the practices between these two groups of professionals. - The integration of the beliefs in the education for health is done by the nurses occasionally what, as far as the doctors are concerned, is overlooked; - The beliefs determine, in the pregnant women, behaviours and attitudes in order to preserve their child’s wellbeing.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado em Ciências da Educação (Pedagogia da Saúde), apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa através da Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, 1994
Palavras-chave
Teses de mestrado - 1994 Medicina Ginecologia Crenças Pedagogia da saúde Pessoal médico Adolescentes