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A segurança dos trabalhadores humanitários em conflitos armados
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A natureza mutável dos conflitos armados resultou na maior necessidade de salvaguardar trabalhadores humanitários. Deste modo, profissionais humanitários que trabalham em situações de conflitos armados, enfrentam ameaças e ataques crescentes que põem em risco suas vidas, violam as leis humanitárias internacionais e comprometem a prestação eficaz da assistência humanitária às populações afetadas por tais conflitos. Assim sendo, em virtude do que foi mencionado, o presente estudo consiste em analisar a questão da segurança dos trabalhadores humanitários no âmbito dos conflitos armados, traçando as dificuldades com que estes deparam para se instalarem num território em conflito, do qual buscam maximizar ações para salvar a vida das vítimas, independentemente de sua origem, nacionalidade, raça, ideologia política, religião ou grupo social. Neste sentido, a narrativa se propõe ainda a abordar as medidas de segurança operacional baseadas na aceitação, dissuasão e proteção, com a segurança derivada da adesão aos princípios do direito internacional humanitários, neutralidade, imparcialidade e independência, bem como a fazer uma avaliação do regime jurídico internacional de proteção aos trabalhadores humanitários, à luz das Convenções de Genebra de 1949 e seus Protocolos Adicionais de 1977. O que culminou em algumas reflexões para a comunidade humanitária sobre como fortalecer o respeito pelas normas que protegem os trabalhadores humanitários.
The changing nature of armed conflicts resulted in a greater need to safeguard aid workers. In this way, aid workers who are working in armed conflict situations face increasing threats and attacks that endanger their lives, violate international humanitarian law, and compromise the effective delivery of humanitarian assistance to populations affected by such conflicts. Therefore, in view of the above, the present study consists in analyzing the issue of the safety of aid workers in armed conflicts, outlining the difficulties they face in settling in a conflict area, from which they seek to maximize actions to save the lives of victims, irrespective of their origin, nationality, race, political ideology, religion or social group. In this sense, the narrative also proposes to address operational security measures based on acceptance, deterrence and protection, with security derived from adherence to the principles of international humanitarian law, neutrality, impartiality and independence, as well as to make an assessment of the international legal regime for the protection of aid workers, in light of the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocols of 1977. This culminated in some reflections for the humanitarian community on how strengthen respect for the rules that protect aid workers.
The changing nature of armed conflicts resulted in a greater need to safeguard aid workers. In this way, aid workers who are working in armed conflict situations face increasing threats and attacks that endanger their lives, violate international humanitarian law, and compromise the effective delivery of humanitarian assistance to populations affected by such conflicts. Therefore, in view of the above, the present study consists in analyzing the issue of the safety of aid workers in armed conflicts, outlining the difficulties they face in settling in a conflict area, from which they seek to maximize actions to save the lives of victims, irrespective of their origin, nationality, race, political ideology, religion or social group. In this sense, the narrative also proposes to address operational security measures based on acceptance, deterrence and protection, with security derived from adherence to the principles of international humanitarian law, neutrality, impartiality and independence, as well as to make an assessment of the international legal regime for the protection of aid workers, in light of the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocols of 1977. This culminated in some reflections for the humanitarian community on how strengthen respect for the rules that protect aid workers.
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Palavras-chave
Conflitos armados Trabalhadores humanitários Ajuda humanitária Protecção humanitária Acesso humanitário Teses de mestrado - 2021