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Pensão compensatória nas relações conjugais : sua índole familiar e/ou sucessória
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A Lei do Divórcio de 2008, conforme é conhecida, foi introduzida pela Lei nº 61/2008, de 31 de outubro, e traz alterações estruturais e substanciais ao Direito de Família no que se refere à ruptura do casamento por divórcio e à sua dissolução. Com efeito, a Lei apresenta uma nova redação no artigo 1.676 do Código Civil, sobre crédito compensatório entre os cônjuges quando ocorrem desajustes patrimoniais na vigência do matrimônio em virtude da contribuição consideravelmente superior para os encargos da vida familiar e das renúncias excessivas à vida pessoal e profissional, tendo como consequência prejuízo patrimonial importante. Numa perspectiva contextualizada, desmitificamos os efeitos decorrentes da ruptura do casamento quando ocorre um desequilíbrio patrimonial entre os cônjuges à medida que um abdica da sua vida pessoal e profissional e se encontra patrimonialmente mais frágil após o divórcio. Por outro lado, analisando a natureza substantiva do crédito compensatório previsto no artigo 1.676, nº 2 do Código Civil, são apontados os meios através dos quais o cônjuge em desvantagem patrimonial poderá ter seu crédito satisfeito, bem como a possibilidade do direito a pensão de alimentos como meio de subsistência concomitante ao crédito compensatório. Além da análise do crédito compensatório entre os ex-cônjuges, a Lei da União de Facto – nº 7/2001, de 11 de maio, é um instituto que merece enquadramento normativo, em especial devido à ausência de formalização do vínculo jurídico que traz como consequência a insegurança jurídica quando ocorre a ruptura. Apontando as diferenças das relações matrimoniais para as uniões de facto, por se tratar de dois institutos distintos, estudamos a possibilidade ou não da aplicação legislativa do artigo 1.676, nº 2 do Código Civil aos unidos de facto. No mesmo sentido, não obstante a exigibilidade do crédito compensatório no momento da partilha de bens dos cônjuges, havendo passivo a ser liquidado quando morre o cônjuge devedor, esse passivo torna-se dívida a ser resolvida através do instituto da sucessão. No final, chega-se ao resultado de que fica demonstrada a importância quer do crédito compensatório como mecanismo de manutenção do reequilíbrio patrimonial dos ex-cônjuges, quer dos requisitos mínimos para a sua exigibilidade através dos institutos da partilha de bens e/ou sucessão.
The 2008 Divorce Law, as it is known, was introduced by Law No. 61/2008, of October 31. and brings structural and substantial changes to Family Law with regard to the breakdown of marriage by divorce and its dissolution. In fact, the Law introduces a new wording in article 1,676 of the Civil Code, on compensatory credit between spouses when there are property imbalances during the marriage due to the considerably higher contribution to the burdens of family life and excessive renunciation of personal and professional interests, resulting in significant property damage. From a contextualized perspective, we demystify the effects resulting from the rupture of marriage when there is a patrimonial imbalance between the spouses as one gives up his personal and professional interests and is patrimonially more fragile after the divorce. On the other hand, analyzing the substantive nature of the compensatory credit provided for in article 1,676, nº 2 of the Civil Code, the means through which the spouse at a financial disadvantage can have his/her credit satisfied are pointed out, as well as the possibility of entitlement to alimony. as a means of subsistence concomitant with compensatory credit. In addition to the analysis of the compensatory credit between the ex-spouses, the Law of de facto Union - nº 7/2001, of May 11, is an institute that deserves a normative framework, especially due to the lack of formalization of the legal bond that brings about legal uncertainty when the rupture occurs. Pointing out the differences in matrimonial relationships vis-à-vis de facto unions, as they are two different institutes, we study the possibility of the legislative application of article 1676, nº 2 of the Civil Code to de facto partners. In the same sense, despite the enforceability of the compensatory credit at the time of sharing the spouses’ assets, with a liability to be settled when the debtor spouse dies, this liability becomes a debt to be resolved through the institute of succession. The end result is that the importance of compensatory credit is demonstrated as a mechanism for maintaining the balance sheet of ex-spouses, as well as the minimum requirements for its enforceability through the institutes of sharing of assets and/or succession.
The 2008 Divorce Law, as it is known, was introduced by Law No. 61/2008, of October 31. and brings structural and substantial changes to Family Law with regard to the breakdown of marriage by divorce and its dissolution. In fact, the Law introduces a new wording in article 1,676 of the Civil Code, on compensatory credit between spouses when there are property imbalances during the marriage due to the considerably higher contribution to the burdens of family life and excessive renunciation of personal and professional interests, resulting in significant property damage. From a contextualized perspective, we demystify the effects resulting from the rupture of marriage when there is a patrimonial imbalance between the spouses as one gives up his personal and professional interests and is patrimonially more fragile after the divorce. On the other hand, analyzing the substantive nature of the compensatory credit provided for in article 1,676, nº 2 of the Civil Code, the means through which the spouse at a financial disadvantage can have his/her credit satisfied are pointed out, as well as the possibility of entitlement to alimony. as a means of subsistence concomitant with compensatory credit. In addition to the analysis of the compensatory credit between the ex-spouses, the Law of de facto Union - nº 7/2001, of May 11, is an institute that deserves a normative framework, especially due to the lack of formalization of the legal bond that brings about legal uncertainty when the rupture occurs. Pointing out the differences in matrimonial relationships vis-à-vis de facto unions, as they are two different institutes, we study the possibility of the legislative application of article 1676, nº 2 of the Civil Code to de facto partners. In the same sense, despite the enforceability of the compensatory credit at the time of sharing the spouses’ assets, with a liability to be settled when the debtor spouse dies, this liability becomes a debt to be resolved through the institute of succession. The end result is that the importance of compensatory credit is demonstrated as a mechanism for maintaining the balance sheet of ex-spouses, as well as the minimum requirements for its enforceability through the institutes of sharing of assets and/or succession.
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Crédito compensatório Casamento União de facto Divórcio Partilha de bens Pensão de alimentos Heranças e sucessões Teses de mestrado - 2023 Compensatory credit Marriage De facto Union Divorce Property sharing Maintenance obligation Hereditary succession