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Problemas e dilemas éticos no estudante de medicina nos cuidados de saúde
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Os dilemas e problemas éticos relativos aos cuidados de saúde, são algo que os estudantes de medicina encontram frequentemente durante a sua formação. Os alunos nem sempre são preparados para saberem gerir essas situações da melhor forma, uma vez que o currículo em ética médica, por vezes, focaliza-se apenas em questões relacionadas com médicos nas suas profissões, esquecendo-se deste momento de contato aluno-doente / aluno-profissional de saúde / aluno-aluno. De fato, os alunos desempenham um papel particular, e por vezes mal definido, numa equipa médica. É, por isso, importante definir quais os problemas e dilemas éticos que os estudantes de medicina encontram durante a sua formação, no âmbito dos cuidados de saúde, e qual o papel exercido pelo contexto moral do ensino. São, por vezes, contraditórias as mensagens veiculadas, pois o clima moral, juntamente com os educadores (figuras de referência), definem a tónica do ambiente de formação e da cultura de enfermaria onde os alunos se inserem. Vários autores debruçaram-se sobre esta problemática tão frequente e tão relevante na vida dos estudantes e sugeriram formas de intervir no problema, a fim de os capacitar. Esta é uma revisão seletiva da literatura que divide as soluções em três grandes grupos: sugestões de alteração do currículo de ética e deontologia médica, modificações do papel do educador e estratégias ao nível institucional. O nível de evidência destas alterações não é ainda o necessário para defender a sua implementação em toda e qualquer situação, mas levanta a necessidade de uma discussão aberta com a participação de todos os intervenientes do problema.
Ethical dilemmas and ethical issues in the context of health care are frequently found by medical students during their academic education. Medical students are not always prepared to know how to deal correctly with these situations, because ethics curricula, sometimes focuses only on questions related to the medical profession,forgetting that this is a moment of contact between student-professor/ student-patient/ student-student. In fact, students play a particular role, and sometimes poorly defined, in a medical team. Therefor it’s important to defined what ethical problems and dilemmas students face in patient care during their education, and what is the role played by the moral context during student’s training. Sometimes there are conflicting messages being conveyed, because the moral climate, together with educators (role models), define the tone of the environment that is present during student’s education. Many authors have dedicated some time to these relevant and common problematic in student’s life, and have suggested ways to intervene in it, by capacitating medical students. This is a selective review of the literature that divides the solutions in three great categories: suggestions of changes in ethics and medical deontology curricula, changes in the roll of educators, institutional strategies. The level of evidence of these solutions is still not enough to defend the implementation of these in every situation, but it raises the need to have an open discussion with everyone involved in this problem.
Ethical dilemmas and ethical issues in the context of health care are frequently found by medical students during their academic education. Medical students are not always prepared to know how to deal correctly with these situations, because ethics curricula, sometimes focuses only on questions related to the medical profession,forgetting that this is a moment of contact between student-professor/ student-patient/ student-student. In fact, students play a particular role, and sometimes poorly defined, in a medical team. Therefor it’s important to defined what ethical problems and dilemmas students face in patient care during their education, and what is the role played by the moral context during student’s training. Sometimes there are conflicting messages being conveyed, because the moral climate, together with educators (role models), define the tone of the environment that is present during student’s education. Many authors have dedicated some time to these relevant and common problematic in student’s life, and have suggested ways to intervene in it, by capacitating medical students. This is a selective review of the literature that divides the solutions in three great categories: suggestions of changes in ethics and medical deontology curricula, changes in the roll of educators, institutional strategies. The level of evidence of these solutions is still not enough to defend the implementation of these in every situation, but it raises the need to have an open discussion with everyone involved in this problem.
Descrição
Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2018
Palavras-chave
Estudantes de medicina Ética Dilemas éticos