A carregar...
Publicação
Simulação computacional de um sistema de ventilação natural na Universidade do Gana
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.84 MB | Adobe PDF |
Autores
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O tempo que o ser humano despende no interior de edifícios tem aumentado significativamente, e com esse aumento, surge também a necessidade de um melhor controlo na qualidade do seu ar. Presentemente, os sistemas mecânicos são preponderantes aquando das escolhas da população para climatização de espaços, o que aumentou consequentemente o consumo energético dos edifícios durante a última década. Existem, porém, diversas opções para contrariar esta decisão, dando enfâse à ventilação natural, devido à sua capacidade de climatizar e renovar o ar dos espaços sem consumo de energia e com uma consequente redução dos custos. Esta dissertação de mestrado expõe propostas de sistemas de ventilação natural por deslocamento de ar vertical para um edifício ainda em fase de projeto na Universidade do Gana. Foram realizadas simulações dinâmicas através do software EnergyPlus para simular deslocamentos de ar vertical com um modelo de três-nós implementado no código. As simulações foram executadas consoante os requisitos do projeto e foi disponibilizada toda a informação com todos os parâmetros que tinham sido requisitados. Os resultados de temperaturas no interior das salas de aula, juntamente com a temperatura máxima que os ocupantes conseguiriam suportar foram posteriormente comparadas através da utilização de um modelo adaptativo. Os resultados demonstram que existe uma melhoria significativa do conforto térmico e da qualidade do ar no seu interior aquando da implementação dos sistemas de ventilação natural, relativamente ao projeto inicial. As temperaturas no interior da sala variam bastante consoante as diferentes orientações do edifício sendo que são significativamente superiores na fachada orientada a Oeste e nas salas do piso superior. Apesar das diversas simulações efetuadas, constrangimentos económicos fizeram com que nenhuma das opções fosse viável, sendo posteriormente alterado apenas a configuração das janelas.
Time that Human beings spend inside buildings has increased significantly and consequently so the need for proper air quality control. Nowadays, mechanical systems have been preponderant in the choices of the population for air conditioning, which consequently increased the energy consumption of buildings in the last decade. However, there are several options to counter this measure highlighting the natural ventilation solutions that are able to respond to the needs of air conditioning of the vast majority of the cases, bringing a high reduction of the associated costs. This dissertation exposes several proposals for natural ventilation by vertical air movement for a building still in the design phase in the University of Ghana. Dynamic simulations were performed using the EnergyPlus software to simulate vertical air displacement systems with a three-node model implemented in the code. These simulations were conducted for all the requests of the project and the results were made known for all parameters requested. The results of the temperature inside the classrooms were compared with the maximum temperature that the occupants would be able to withstand using an adaptive model. The results show that there is a significant improvement in indoor air quality and temperature when natural ventilation systems are implemented, compared to the initial design. Temperatures inside the classrooms vary greatly with the different orientations of the building. These differences are more significant on the West-facing façade and upstairs classrooms. Despite the large amount of dynamical simulations performed, economic constraints made none of the options feasible and a change in the windows configurations was later added.
Time that Human beings spend inside buildings has increased significantly and consequently so the need for proper air quality control. Nowadays, mechanical systems have been preponderant in the choices of the population for air conditioning, which consequently increased the energy consumption of buildings in the last decade. However, there are several options to counter this measure highlighting the natural ventilation solutions that are able to respond to the needs of air conditioning of the vast majority of the cases, bringing a high reduction of the associated costs. This dissertation exposes several proposals for natural ventilation by vertical air movement for a building still in the design phase in the University of Ghana. Dynamic simulations were performed using the EnergyPlus software to simulate vertical air displacement systems with a three-node model implemented in the code. These simulations were conducted for all the requests of the project and the results were made known for all parameters requested. The results of the temperature inside the classrooms were compared with the maximum temperature that the occupants would be able to withstand using an adaptive model. The results show that there is a significant improvement in indoor air quality and temperature when natural ventilation systems are implemented, compared to the initial design. Temperatures inside the classrooms vary greatly with the different orientations of the building. These differences are more significant on the West-facing façade and upstairs classrooms. Despite the large amount of dynamical simulations performed, economic constraints made none of the options feasible and a change in the windows configurations was later added.
Descrição
Tese de mestrado integrado em Engenharia da Energia e Ambiente, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2017
Palavras-chave
Simulação dinâmica Ventilação natural Edifício EnergyPlus Teses de mestrado - 2017