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Recentemente, em resultado de medidas de segurança cada vez mais apertadas muitas das pessoas que fogem a situações de guerra e violência à procura de protecção e asilo na Europa, enfrentam uma dificuldade crescente em aceder a locais seguros para viver. Isto, tem conduzido ao aumento de rotas mais perigosas através do recurso a redes de contrabando e tráfico humano. Este estudo centra-se na situação recente da Grécia que, em Março de 2016, após o encerramento da rota dos Balcãs e ratificação do Tratado entre a UE e a Turquia ficou com milhares de pessoas "retidas" no país. Através da consulta de fontes documentais e de uma visita de campo a cinco locais de refugiados foi possível recolher testemunhos e reflectir sobre o contexto da protecção de refugiados na Europa. As conclusões vão ao encontro de algumas críticas que têm vindo a ser feitas: o sistema de protecção internacional e o sistema de Dublin deveriam ser revistos à luz da complexidade dos fenómenos migratórios actuais. A dicotomia entre securitização e protecção coloca em causa direitos e liberdades civis fundamentais, urgindo soluções necessariamente diferentes num mundo também ele em rápida mudança. Porém, a falta de solidariedade entre Estados e a quebra do compromisso europeu pelo respeito dos direitos humanos tem sido contrabalançada pela emergência de amplas redes de apoio provenientes da sociedade civil composta maioritariamente por voluntários e activistas sociais e pela agência dos refugiados que não termina com a sua chegada à Europa. Estas áreas merecem atenção em investigações futuras.
In recent years, due to the closure of the land borders and the increase of strict security measures, many of the people who are fleeing from war and situations of conflict seeking asylum and protection in Europe face an increasing difficulty to access a safe place to live. Consequently, this has led to the rise of dangerous routes through smugglers networks and human traffic. This study focus on the recent situation where thousands of refugees were "trapped" in Greece after the closure of the Balkan Route and the Treaty between the European Union and Turkey, on March 2016. Through the consultation of documental sources and a field visit to five refugee settings it was possible to collect testimonies and reflect over the refugee protection context in Europe. The findings meet some of the critics that have been made: the international protection system and, in particular, the Dublin System - both should be reviewed in light of the actual complexity of the migratory flows. The dichotomy between securitization and protection calls into question crucial civil rights and liberties, urging for solutions that have to be necessarily different in a rapidly changing world. However, the lack of solidarity between States and the breach of the European commitment with regards to the respect of human rights is being counterbalanced with the emergence of an extensive civil society support network mainly formed by volunteers and social activists, and refugees agency that didn´t end up on Europe's shore. These areas warrant attention in future research.
In recent years, due to the closure of the land borders and the increase of strict security measures, many of the people who are fleeing from war and situations of conflict seeking asylum and protection in Europe face an increasing difficulty to access a safe place to live. Consequently, this has led to the rise of dangerous routes through smugglers networks and human traffic. This study focus on the recent situation where thousands of refugees were "trapped" in Greece after the closure of the Balkan Route and the Treaty between the European Union and Turkey, on March 2016. Through the consultation of documental sources and a field visit to five refugee settings it was possible to collect testimonies and reflect over the refugee protection context in Europe. The findings meet some of the critics that have been made: the international protection system and, in particular, the Dublin System - both should be reviewed in light of the actual complexity of the migratory flows. The dichotomy between securitization and protection calls into question crucial civil rights and liberties, urging for solutions that have to be necessarily different in a rapidly changing world. However, the lack of solidarity between States and the breach of the European commitment with regards to the respect of human rights is being counterbalanced with the emergence of an extensive civil society support network mainly formed by volunteers and social activists, and refugees agency that didn´t end up on Europe's shore. These areas warrant attention in future research.
Descrição
Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação Internacional
Palavras-chave
refugiados protecção direitos segurança Europa refugees protection rights security Europe
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Aleixo, Rita Margarida Cardoso (2016). "Entre os direitos dos refugiados e a segurança europeia : relatos da situação da Grécia em 2016". Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade de Lisboa. Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão.
Editora
Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão
