A carregar...
Publicação
As superbactérias e a ameaça global da resistência a antibióticos
| Nome: | Descrição: | Tamanho: | Formato: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.29 MB | Adobe PDF |
Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Este trabalho começa por explicitar a origem das bactérias, sendo que dá uma noção
destas, assim como analisa a sua morfologia, estrutura, reprodução, crescimento e
transferência de genes.
Como meio de combate às bactérias surgem os antibióticos, pelo que é fundamental
que a monografia aborde esta classe de medicamentos. Os antibióticos são substâncias
químicas produzidas por organismos vivos e interferem nos processos metabólicos que
inibem o crescimento, afetam a multiplicação ou matam micróbios, ajudando a combater as
infeções.
Em 2017, a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) publicou uma lista de prioridades
globais de bactérias resistentes a antibióticos, sendo que as denominou de superbactérias.
As bactérias enunciadas nesta lista encontram-se classificadas em três grupos de acordo com
a sua prioridade: crítica, alta e média.
As espécies que têm necessidade crítica na inovação dos antibióticos são a
Acinetobacter baumannii, a Pseudomonas aeruginosa e a Enterobacteriaceae. A
Enterococcus faecium, a Helicobacter pylori, a Salmonella species, a Staphylococcus aureus,
a Campylobacter species e a Neisseria gonorrhoeae têm alta prioridade na inovação de
antibióticos clinicamente eficazes. Finalmente, as espécies que têm prioridade média na lista
de preocupações da OMS são a Streptococcus pneumoniae, a Haemophilus influenzae e a
Shigella species.
Atualmente, estamos perante um elevado e inadequado consumo de antibióticos, o
que origina uma adaptação por parte das bactérias. As superbactérias e a sua resistência aos
antimicrobianos (RAM) representam um desafio significativo global, incluindo as vertentes da
saúde e socioeconómica e a vertente ambiental, sendo que incide mais significativamente nos
países em desenvolvimento e nos países em vias de desenvolvimento.
A luta contra esta ameaça exige uma abordagem multifacetada, envolvendo governos,
profissionais de saúde, indústria farmacêutica e a comunidade em geral. A implementação de
medidas de prevenção e de resposta são fundamentais para preservar a eficácia dos
antibióticos.
Por outro lado, o papel do farmacêutico também é de extrema relevância, já que este
é o último a entrar em contacto com os doentes, pelo que deve reforçar a informação
previamente transmitida e alertar para os potenciais riscos da automedicação.
This paper starts by explaining the origin of the bacteria, giving a notion of them, as well as analyzing their morphology, structure, reproduction, growth and gene transfer. As a mean to combat bacteria emerges the antibiotics, so it is essential that the monograph addresses this class of medicines. Antibiotics are chemicals produced by living organisms and interfere with metabolic processes that inhibit growth, affect multiplication or kill microbes, helping to fight infections. In 2017, the World Health Organization (WHO) published a global priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and called them superbugs. The bacteria on this list are classified into three groups according to their priority: critical, high and medium. The species that have critical needs in antibiotic innovation are Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae. Enterococcus faecium, Helicobacter pylori, Salmonella species, Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter species and Neisseria gonorrhoeae have high priority in clinically effective antibiotic innovation. Finally, the species that have medium priority on the WHO list of concerns are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Shigella species. We are currently facing a high and inadequate consumption of antibiotics, which causes bacteria to adapt. Superbugs and their antimicrobial resistance represent a significant global challenge, including health, socioeconomic and environmental aspects, with the most significant impact in developing countries. Combating this threat requires a multifaceted approach involving governments, healthcare professionals, the pharmaceutical industry and the rest of the community. The implementation of prevention and response measures are key to preserving the effectiveness of antibiotics. On the other hand, the role of the pharmacist is also extremely important, since we are the last to come into contact with patients, so we must reinforce the information previously transmitted and warn of the potential risks of self-medication.
This paper starts by explaining the origin of the bacteria, giving a notion of them, as well as analyzing their morphology, structure, reproduction, growth and gene transfer. As a mean to combat bacteria emerges the antibiotics, so it is essential that the monograph addresses this class of medicines. Antibiotics are chemicals produced by living organisms and interfere with metabolic processes that inhibit growth, affect multiplication or kill microbes, helping to fight infections. In 2017, the World Health Organization (WHO) published a global priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and called them superbugs. The bacteria on this list are classified into three groups according to their priority: critical, high and medium. The species that have critical needs in antibiotic innovation are Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae. Enterococcus faecium, Helicobacter pylori, Salmonella species, Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter species and Neisseria gonorrhoeae have high priority in clinically effective antibiotic innovation. Finally, the species that have medium priority on the WHO list of concerns are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Shigella species. We are currently facing a high and inadequate consumption of antibiotics, which causes bacteria to adapt. Superbugs and their antimicrobial resistance represent a significant global challenge, including health, socioeconomic and environmental aspects, with the most significant impact in developing countries. Combating this threat requires a multifaceted approach involving governments, healthcare professionals, the pharmaceutical industry and the rest of the community. The implementation of prevention and response measures are key to preserving the effectiveness of antibiotics. On the other hand, the role of the pharmacist is also extremely important, since we are the last to come into contact with patients, so we must reinforce the information previously transmitted and warn of the potential risks of self-medication.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2023, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.
Palavras-chave
Superbactérias Antibióticos Bactéria Resistência antimicrobiana Mestrado Integrado - 2023