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Análise comparativa da metodologia aplicada para identificar os aspetos ambientais significativos em empresas de construção civil no Brasil
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A construção civil é um dos setores econômicos que mais geram impactos no ambiente pelo alto consumo de recursos naturais, modificação da paisagem, além da alta geração de resíduos. A ferramenta de Levantamento dos Aspectos e Impactos Ambientais (LAIA), serve como rica fonte de informação e orientação às práticas ambientais da empresa. Desta forma, o principal objetivo deste trabalho é verificar como quatro (04) empresas de grande porte, na área de Construção Civil do setor de edificação, instaladas em diferentes regiões do Brasil, desenvolveram seus procedimentos de LAIA, para analisar a eficiência de sua aplicação. Para tanto, foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas sobre o tema em artigos, livros técnicos e na Norma Ambiental ISO 14001:2015, que orientou na elaboração de um Check List, que permitiu avaliar os procedimentos e analisar cada critério de classificação dos aspectos ambientais significativos adotados por cada organização. Ao comparar as quatro metodologias de avaliação de significância, ficou evidente que nenhuma prática é igual a outra, apesar de existirem grande convergências entre os critérios abordados. No geral, as 4 empresas pesquisadas apresentaram uma avaliação que permite de forma coerente, identificar e classificar todos os aspectos ambientais significativos da organização, porém, as empresas 1 e 3 foram as que apresentaram uma metodologia bem mais estruturada, com uso de critérios coerentes e mais completos. O presente estudo contribuiu para demonstrar as diferentes formas e possibilidades da aplicação da fermenta LAIA, demonstrando todos os pontos fortes e fracos em cada possibilidade de escolha e ao mesmo tempo servir como referência para empresas que atuam no segmento da construção civil que desejam implementar um sistema de gestão ambiental eficaz e eficiente.
Civil construction is one of the economic sectors that most generate impacts on the environment due to the high consumption of natural resources, modification of the landscape and to the high generation of waste. The Survey of Environmental Aspects and Impacts, serves as a rich source of information and guidance for the company's environmental practices. In this way, the main objective of this work is to verify how four (04) large companies, in the Civil Construction area of the building sector, installed in different regions of Brazil, developed their LAIA procedures, to analyze the efficiency of its application. To this end, bibliographic research was carried out on the subject in articles, technical books and in the Environmental Standard ISO 14001:2015, which guided the elaboration of a Check List, which allowed the evaluation of the procedures and analysis of each classification criterion of the significant environmental aspects adopted by each organization. When comparing the four significance assessment methodologies, it became evident that no practice is the same, despite the great convergences between the criteria addressed. In general, the 4 companies surveyed presented an evaluation that allows, in a coherent way, to identify and classify all the significant environmental aspects of the organization, however, companies 1 and 3 were the ones that presented a much more structured methodology, using coherent criteria and more complete. The present study contributed to demonstrate the different forms and possibilities of applying the Environmental Aspect and Impact Evaluation process, demonstrating all the strengths and weaknesses in each possibility of choice and at the same time serving as a reference for companies operating in the civil construction segment that wish to implement a system of effective and efficient environmental management.
Civil construction is one of the economic sectors that most generate impacts on the environment due to the high consumption of natural resources, modification of the landscape and to the high generation of waste. The Survey of Environmental Aspects and Impacts, serves as a rich source of information and guidance for the company's environmental practices. In this way, the main objective of this work is to verify how four (04) large companies, in the Civil Construction area of the building sector, installed in different regions of Brazil, developed their LAIA procedures, to analyze the efficiency of its application. To this end, bibliographic research was carried out on the subject in articles, technical books and in the Environmental Standard ISO 14001:2015, which guided the elaboration of a Check List, which allowed the evaluation of the procedures and analysis of each classification criterion of the significant environmental aspects adopted by each organization. When comparing the four significance assessment methodologies, it became evident that no practice is the same, despite the great convergences between the criteria addressed. In general, the 4 companies surveyed presented an evaluation that allows, in a coherent way, to identify and classify all the significant environmental aspects of the organization, however, companies 1 and 3 were the ones that presented a much more structured methodology, using coherent criteria and more complete. The present study contributed to demonstrate the different forms and possibilities of applying the Environmental Aspect and Impact Evaluation process, demonstrating all the strengths and weaknesses in each possibility of choice and at the same time serving as a reference for companies operating in the civil construction segment that wish to implement a system of effective and efficient environmental management.
Descrição
Relatório de Estágio de Mestrado, Ecologia e Gestão Ambiental, 2022, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências
Palavras-chave
Sistema de Gestão Ambiental (SGA) Norma ISO 14001 Construção Civil Levantamento de Aspectos e Impactos Ambientais (LAIA) Relatórios de estágio de mestrado - 2022