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A necessidade de reforma do Sistema Europeu Comum de Asilo é incontroversa, tendo a Comissão Europeia elaborado uma série de propostas com o objetivo de corrigir as lacunas e deficiências. Não obstante as alterações pretendidas, os princípios permaneceram os mesmos, sendo a responsabilidade pela análise dos pedidos de asilo distribuída desigualmente entre os Estados-Membros. O modelo coercitivo é adotado como forma de desencorajar movimentos secundários e garantir o cumprimento fiel das normas, atribuindo-se às sanções a tarefa de superar os problemas do sistema, que permanecem incólumes. O uso indiscriminado da liberdade legislativa das diretivas prejudica a uniformização, conferindo uma ampla margem de discricionariedade aos Estados-Membros quanto à aplicação das normas da UE em matéria de asilo. Apesar dos requerentes de asilo não serem tratados de maneira uniforme em toda a UE, o reconhecimento mútuo das decisões negativas de asilo ainda é empregado, diferentemente do que ocorre no caso das decisões positivas, onde não é ele admitido. A desconsideração dos vínculos e preferências dos requerentes prejudicam o bom funcionamento do SECA, fomentando os movimentos secundários e impossibilitando a integração permanente. O não atendimento às necessidades específicas de proteção das pessoas vulneráveis, do mesmo modo, também causam danos irreparáveis. A solidariedade é geralmente empregada de forma centralizada e excludente, apesar do grande potencial que a cooperação prática entre os Estados-Membros, o processamento conjunto e a recolocação têm para melhorar o compartilhamento de ônus e responsabilidades. Os canais seguros e legais de acesso à proteção na UE devem ser expandidos, principalmente aqueles que dispensam a chegada do requerente às fronteiras, como os programas de patrocínio privado e os vistos humanitários. Para uma verdadeira reforma no SECA, alterações mais profundas devem ser promovidas, pelo que se faz necessário que os Estados-Membros estejam abertos a discutir e dispor de parcela da discricionariedade que detêm.
The need to reform the Common European Asylum System is uncontroversial, and the European Commission has drawn up a series of proposals aiming to correct gaps and deficiencies. Despite the intended amendments, its principles remain the same, being the responsibility for examining asylum applications distributed unevenly between Member States. The coercive model is adopted as a way to discourage secondary movements and guarantee the faithful compliance with the rules, attributing to the sanctions of the task of overcoming the system problems, which remain unscathed. The indiscriminate use of the legislative freedom of directives undermines standardization, giving the Member States a wide margin of discretion on the application of the EU asylum standards. Although asylum seekers are not evenly treated across the EU, mutual recognition of negative asylum decisions is still employed, unlike what happens in the case of positive decisions, where it is not admitted. The disregard of the bonds and preferences of asylum seekers harm the good functioning of the CEAS, promoting secondary movements and making permanent integration unable. Failure to meet the specific protection needs of vulnerable people, likewise, also causes irreparable damage. Solidarity is generally employed in a centralized and excluding manner, despite the great potential that practical cooperation between Member States, joint processing and relocation has to improve burden and responsibility-sharing. The safe and legal channels to access protection in the EU must be expanded, especially those that do not require the applicant to arrive at the borders, such as private sponsorship programs and humanitarian visas. For real reform in CEAS, more profound changes must be promoted, so the Member States must be open to discussing and waiving a share of the discretion they have.
The need to reform the Common European Asylum System is uncontroversial, and the European Commission has drawn up a series of proposals aiming to correct gaps and deficiencies. Despite the intended amendments, its principles remain the same, being the responsibility for examining asylum applications distributed unevenly between Member States. The coercive model is adopted as a way to discourage secondary movements and guarantee the faithful compliance with the rules, attributing to the sanctions of the task of overcoming the system problems, which remain unscathed. The indiscriminate use of the legislative freedom of directives undermines standardization, giving the Member States a wide margin of discretion on the application of the EU asylum standards. Although asylum seekers are not evenly treated across the EU, mutual recognition of negative asylum decisions is still employed, unlike what happens in the case of positive decisions, where it is not admitted. The disregard of the bonds and preferences of asylum seekers harm the good functioning of the CEAS, promoting secondary movements and making permanent integration unable. Failure to meet the specific protection needs of vulnerable people, likewise, also causes irreparable damage. Solidarity is generally employed in a centralized and excluding manner, despite the great potential that practical cooperation between Member States, joint processing and relocation has to improve burden and responsibility-sharing. The safe and legal channels to access protection in the EU must be expanded, especially those that do not require the applicant to arrive at the borders, such as private sponsorship programs and humanitarian visas. For real reform in CEAS, more profound changes must be promoted, so the Member States must be open to discussing and waiving a share of the discretion they have.
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Direito internacional Direito de asilo Direitos do Homem Asilo União Europeia Solidariedade Proteção Teses de mestrado - 2021
