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A imunidade jurisdicional dos Estados : reflexões sobre as questões relevantes
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A presente dissertação tem como objetivo incidir sobre a figura da imunidade jurisdicional dos Estados, ou seja, a imunidade de jurisdição dos Estados. Para tal, serão examinadas a conceptualização desta figura e a sua evolução histórica, particularmente a trajetória da transição da doutrina absoluta para a doutrina restritiva. A doutrina restritiva permite que um Estado goze de imunidade em termos dos atos jure imperii e, no que toca aos atos jure gestionis, o Estado não pode invocar a imunidade perante os tribunais nacionais de outros Estados. Analisaremos, em seguida, as fontes jurídicas da imunidade sob o Direito Internacional, entre as quais se destacam a jurisprudência internacional e as convenções atinentes ao tema da imunidade, a fim de elucidar as categorias de restrições ou exceções à imunidade dos Estados. Concomitantemente, a prática dos Estados, incluindo as decisões judiciais e as legislações nacionais, exerce uma influência profunda na codificação e evolução das regras consuetudinárias da imunidade jurisdicional dos Estados. Para além das práticas dos Estados Unidos e do Reino Unido, optaremos por abordar as práticas da China e de Portugal, sendo dois países que ainda não estabeleceram leis especiais nos respetivos sistemas jurídicos internos. Por fim, serão alvo de reflexão as questões disputadas em torno da imunidade dos Estados, tais como, o efeito de jus cogens sobre a designada regra processual da imunidade jurisdicional e o confronto entre a impunidade e a imunidade.
This dissertation aims to focus on the topic of jurisdictional immunity of States, namely State immunity from jurisdiction. To this end, the conceptualization of State immunity and the historical evolution will be examined, particularly its trajectory of transition from absolute doctrine to restrictive doctrine. The restrictive doctrine allows a State to enjoy immunity in terms of acts jure imperii and with regard to acts jure gestionis, the State cannot claim immunity from the jurisdiction of the national courts of other States. Subsequently, we will analyze the legal sources of immunity under international law, among which stand out international jurisprudence and conventions related to the issue of immunity, in order to clarify the categories of restrictions or exceptions to the immunity of States. At the same time, the practice of States, including judicial decisions and national legislations, has a profound influence on the codification and evolution of the customary rules of jurisdictional immunity of States. In addition to the US and the UK practices, we will address the practices of China and Portugal, being that they have not yet established special laws in their internal legal systems. Finally, contentious issues around State immunity will be reflected upon, such as the effect of jus cogens on the so-called procedural rule of jurisdictional immunity and the confrontation between impunity and immunity.
This dissertation aims to focus on the topic of jurisdictional immunity of States, namely State immunity from jurisdiction. To this end, the conceptualization of State immunity and the historical evolution will be examined, particularly its trajectory of transition from absolute doctrine to restrictive doctrine. The restrictive doctrine allows a State to enjoy immunity in terms of acts jure imperii and with regard to acts jure gestionis, the State cannot claim immunity from the jurisdiction of the national courts of other States. Subsequently, we will analyze the legal sources of immunity under international law, among which stand out international jurisprudence and conventions related to the issue of immunity, in order to clarify the categories of restrictions or exceptions to the immunity of States. At the same time, the practice of States, including judicial decisions and national legislations, has a profound influence on the codification and evolution of the customary rules of jurisdictional immunity of States. In addition to the US and the UK practices, we will address the practices of China and Portugal, being that they have not yet established special laws in their internal legal systems. Finally, contentious issues around State immunity will be reflected upon, such as the effect of jus cogens on the so-called procedural rule of jurisdictional immunity and the confrontation between impunity and immunity.
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Direito internacional Imunidade jurisdicional dos Estados Teses de mestrado - 2021