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Plantas e produtos vegetais no tratamento da psoríase
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Resumo(s)
A psoríase é uma doença crónica inflamatória mediada por linfócitos T, que envolve predominantemente a pele e as articulações, mas afeta os doentes de vários modos interna e externamente, constituindo-se assim como uma doença multi-sistémica. Surge, geralmente, antes dos 40 anos, apresentando-se como uma doença crónica, debilitante e potencialmente estigmatizante.
As alterações da morfologia e de sensibilidade da pele têm um impacto elevado a nível físico, emocional e social para os doentes.
Uma vez que esta doença tem um caráter crónico e recorrente é necessário um tratamento continuado. Apesar da existência de terapêutica diversa para o alívio da sua sintomatologia, não há ainda cura para esta patologia. Os principais inconvenientes dos tratamentos convencionais dizem respeito à falta de eficácia, necessidade de monitorização laboratorial, baixa tolerância e segurança a longo prazo e à modificação do estilo de vida a que obrigam. Devido aos baixos níveis de satisfação com estes tratamentos, observa-se uma elevada taxa de desistência por parte dos doentes.
Muitos doentes com psoríase recorrem à fitoterapia por acreditarem que, por se tratarem de produtos naturais, têm um menor risco de efeitos adversos. A diversidade estrutural dos produtos vegetais e os múltiplos mecanismos de ação podem ter uma ação sinérgica na atenuação da psoríase. No entanto, alguns produtos vegetais tradicionalmente usados podem acarretar efeitos adversos graves, se não forem tomadas as devidas precauções na sua utilização.
A fitoterapia é usada desde a antiguidade no tratamento das doenças de pele. Atualmente, os produtos vegetais são usados tanto na medicina convencional (medicamentos) como na medicina complementar e alternativa. Alguns alimentos são também usados como medicamentos (nutracêuticos). A medicina integrativa é uma abordagem mais recente que combina medicina convencional e terapias da medicina complementar e alternativa e que tem sido usada nos doentes com psoríase.
Este estudo explora as plantas e produtos vegetais e os seus derivados usados no tratamento da psoríase. São referidos 204 produtos vegetais, cujos conhecimentos presentes se baseiam no uso etnomedicinal, estudos in vitro, in vivo e ensaios clínicos, mas que requerem um aprofundamento para poderem ser usados com maior eficácia e segurança.
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease mediated by T lymphocytes, which predominantly involves the skin and joints, but affects patients in various ways, both internally and externally, thus constituting a multi-systemic disease. It usually appears before the age of 40, presenting itself as a chronic, debilitating and potentially stigmatizing disease. Changes in skin morphology and sensitivity have a high physical, emotional and social impact on patients. Since this disease has a chronic and recurrent character, continuous treatment is necessary. Despite the existence of different therapies for the relief of its symptoms, there is still no cure for this pathology. The main drawbacks of conventional treatments relate to the low tolerance and long-term safety, lack of effectiveness, laboratory monitoring and lifestyle changes that they require. Due to the low levels of patient satisfaction with these treatments, there is a high dropout rate. Many psoriasis patients turn to herbal medicine because they believe that, being natural products, they have a lower risk of adverse effects. The structural diversity of plant products and the multiple mechanisms of action can have a synergistic action in mitigating psoriasis. However, some traditionally used plant products can have serious adverse effects, if precautions are not taken in their use. Phytotherapy has been used since ancient times in the treatment of skin diseases. Currently, plant products are used both in conventional medicine (medicines) and in complementary and alternative medicine. Some foods are also used as medicines (nutraceuticals). Integrative medicine, a more recent approach that combines conventional medicine and complementary and alternative medicine therapies, has been used in psoriasis patients. This study explores plants and plant products and their derivatives used in the treatment of psoriasis. 204 plant products are mentioned, whose present knowledge is based on ethnomedicinal use, in vitro, in vivo studies and clinical trials, but which require further study in order to be used more efficiently and safely.
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease mediated by T lymphocytes, which predominantly involves the skin and joints, but affects patients in various ways, both internally and externally, thus constituting a multi-systemic disease. It usually appears before the age of 40, presenting itself as a chronic, debilitating and potentially stigmatizing disease. Changes in skin morphology and sensitivity have a high physical, emotional and social impact on patients. Since this disease has a chronic and recurrent character, continuous treatment is necessary. Despite the existence of different therapies for the relief of its symptoms, there is still no cure for this pathology. The main drawbacks of conventional treatments relate to the low tolerance and long-term safety, lack of effectiveness, laboratory monitoring and lifestyle changes that they require. Due to the low levels of patient satisfaction with these treatments, there is a high dropout rate. Many psoriasis patients turn to herbal medicine because they believe that, being natural products, they have a lower risk of adverse effects. The structural diversity of plant products and the multiple mechanisms of action can have a synergistic action in mitigating psoriasis. However, some traditionally used plant products can have serious adverse effects, if precautions are not taken in their use. Phytotherapy has been used since ancient times in the treatment of skin diseases. Currently, plant products are used both in conventional medicine (medicines) and in complementary and alternative medicine. Some foods are also used as medicines (nutraceuticals). Integrative medicine, a more recent approach that combines conventional medicine and complementary and alternative medicine therapies, has been used in psoriasis patients. This study explores plants and plant products and their derivatives used in the treatment of psoriasis. 204 plant products are mentioned, whose present knowledge is based on ethnomedicinal use, in vitro, in vivo studies and clinical trials, but which require further study in order to be used more efficiently and safely.
Descrição
Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, 2020, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia.
Palavras-chave
Psoríase Fitoterapia Plantas Ensaios clínicos Mestrado Integrado - 2020